Kiểm tra tự luận Dịch Đại Cương EN42 (NO1)

 

I. Answer the following questions:  (40 points)

1. What are the different definitions on translation?

2. What is the nature of translation?                                   

(The file sent will be named after each student’s name. Plagiarism will lead to failure)

ASSIGNMENT

I.    Answer the following questions

1.   What are the different definitions on translation?

In simple terms, “Translation” means to change, to transform. "Art" is an academic, technical, methodical. Therefore, translation is understood as a method of converting from one language to another. However, this definition has not been agreed upon when there are many different opinions. The following are some of the views expressed by the researchers.

Interpreting is a bridge that helps people who speak the same language understand what others say. In other words, translation is information expressed in one language (called source language) and re-expressed in another language (called target language).

Interpretation comes in two formats: oral and written translation. Speech translation is the conversion between two languages ​​in the same forum; Translation is the conversion between two types of text in the same forum. Spoken and written are different in determinants, but the properties are the same, the translation is essentially the same.

A standard speech interpreter can also take on the job of writing articles. The user version without a foundation article as well as a solid architectural calligraphy language, it is difficult to improve spoken translation skills. Therefore, when training user interpreters, it is necessary to attach importance to the practice of writing and interpreting, considering it as a springboard to develop the speaking skills of the interpreter.

However, there are many definitions of "Translation":

Hartman & Stock (1972) stated that: Translation is the replacement of a text in one language with an equivalent text in a second language.

According to Nida & Taber (1974), translation is recreating in the receptor language the natural equivalence and closeness to the source language's message in terms of meaning and style. styles).

And Newmark (1981) stated: Translation is the transformation of one text into another in the same way that the author expresses it when writing that text.

Hay Larson (1998): Translation is the study of vocabulary, learning structure, communication context, and cultural context of the source lexical text, analyzing the text to determine its definition, and then using vocabulary and structure appropriate epithets in the receptive language to re-establish the same meaning...

Thus, it can be seen that there are many definitions of translation. But I quote the widely agreed concept of "translation": According to Wikipedia, Translation is an activity consisting of interpreting the meaning of a passage in a certain language - the source text - and translating it into another language. another language into a new and equivalent paragraph - the target text or translation, in the sense of translation is a method of converting from one language to another. In terminology divided into two categories, the term - equivalent to compiling and writing translation - corresponds to interpreting.

 

2.   What is the nature of translation?   

Classified translation includes translation and interpretation (interpreting). Although both formats are ways to convert from one language to another, they have many differences, typically in terms of aspect and presentation.

Translation is understood as text translated from one language to another in the same forum to achieve an information. Meanwhile, interpreting (interpreting) is speaking or re-interpreting a statement in another language for the listener to understand. Common translation methods There are many different translation methods. Here are 8 translation methods offered by Newmark:

Word-by-word translation: Words in a language source are translated singly according to a common definition that is not context-aware. So it is possible to give wrong status text.

Translation: The structural definition of the language source is translated into the nearest target language. However, words with lexical meanings are still shifted individually without realizing the foreground.

Faithful translation: Contextually accurate translation of the original text with questions about the structural method of the linguistic source.

A lot of emphasis is placed on the aesthetic value of the original.

Adaptation: It is a free translation and is often used to translate comedy and poetry.

Free translation: Create text destinations that do not conform to the form, style, or content of the original.

Idiom translation: Reconstructing the original message but tending to correct meanings by referring to idioms that do not exist in the original.

Further translation: Translation accurately conveys the contextual definition of the original, but the content and language are transformed so that the reader understands and accepts it.

Translation is a process from capturing that idea to expressing it in another language. Taking written translation as an example, when translating an article, the translator must first understand the original text, and then translate it into the target language. Thus, it is clear that the ability to understand the source language is a prerequisite and a basis for re-expression in the target language.

In translating with English as the source or target language, you need a high level of English and extensive knowledge. In order to thoroughly understand an English text, we also need to use a dictionary, through judgment based on the logic of the context, thereby limiting misunderstanding.

In the process of interpreting, understanding and expression (expression) are two reciprocal processes. Understand the original text correctly, using appropriate structure in the target language to accurately represent the original text.        

                       

II. Translation practice

1. Translate the following text into Vietnamese (30 points)

           The two most interesting arguments in The Concept of the Corporation actually had little to do with the decentralization fad. They were to dominate his work. The first had to do with “empowering” workers. Drucker believed in treating workers as resources rather than just as costs. He was a harsh critic of the assembly-line system of production that then dominated the manufacturing sector – partly because assembly lines moved at the speed of the slowest and partly because they failed to engage the creativity of individual workers. The second argument had to do with the rise of knowledge workers. Drucker argued that the world is moving from an “economy of goods” to an economy of “knowledge” – and from a society dominated by an industrial proletariat to one dominated by brain workers. He insisted that this had profound implications for both managers and politicians. Managers had to stop treating workers like cogs in a huge inhuman machine and start treating them as brain workers. In turn, politicians had to realise that knowledge, and hence education, was the single most important resource for any advanced society.

Hai lập luận thú vị nhất trong Khái niệm về Tổng công ty thực sự không liên quan nhiều đến xu hướng phân quyền. Họ đã chi phối công việc của anh ta. Việc đầu tiên phải làm với "trao quyền" cho người lao động. Drucker tin tưởng vào việc coi người lao động là nguồn lực thay vì chỉ là chi phí. Ông là người chỉ trích gay gắt hệ thống dây chuyền sản xuất khi đó thống trị lĩnh vực sản xuất - một phần vì các dây chuyền lắp ráp di chuyển với tốc độ chậm nhất và một phần vì chúng không thu hút được sự sáng tạo của từng người lao động. Lập luận thứ hai liên quan đến sự gia tăng của những người lao động tri thức. Drucker lập luận rằng thế giới đang chuyển từ “nền kinh tế hàng hóa” sang nền kinh tế “tri thức” - và từ một xã hội do giai cấp vô sản công nghiệp thống trị sang một xã hội do những người lao động trí óc thống trị. Ông khẳng định rằng điều này có ý nghĩa sâu sắc đối với cả các nhà quản lý và chính trị gia. Các nhà quản lý đã phải ngừng đối xử với công nhân như những chiếc bánh răng trong một cỗ máy khổng lồ vô nhân đạo và bắt đầu coi họ như những người lao động trí óc. Đổi lại, các chính trị gia phải nhận ra rằng kiến ​​thức, và do đó giáo dục, là nguồn lực quan trọng nhất đối với bất kỳ xã hội tiên tiến nào.

 

 2. Translate the following text into English (30 points) 

 Lúc này phải coi tất cả hàng hóa đều là thiết yếu trừ hàng cấm, tất cả đều quan trọng, theo Bộ trưởng Giao thông Vận tải Nguyễn Văn Thể. Ông Nguyễn Văn Thể nêu ý kiến trên tại cuộc họp trực tuyến cùng Bộ Công Thương, Bộ Nông nghiệp và Phát triển Nông thôn, UBND các tỉnh, thành về tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho vận chuyển hàng hóa, nông sản, chiều 25/8. Lãnh đạo ngành giao thông nêu rõ, tất cả các tuyến đường bộ, đường thủy đều là luồng xanh phục vụ vận chuyển hàng hóa."Các phương tiện vận chuyển hàng hóa đều được lưu thông; cấp mã QR code là để tạo ưu tiên khi qua chốt, chỉ tiền kiểm, hậu kiểm và xử lý nghiêm minh với các vi phạm", ông nói và đề nghị các chốt khi kiểm soát phải đảm bảo không xảy ra ùn tắc giao thông kéo dài, nghiêm trọng; nếu xảy ra ùn tắc phải xả chốt ngay.

At this time, all goods must be considered as essential except for prohibited goods, all are important, according to Transport Minister Nguyen Van The. Mr. Nguyen Van The mentioned the above opinion at an online meeting with the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the People's Committees of provinces and cities on creating favorable conditions for the transport of goods and agricultural products, on the afternoon of 25/02. 8. Leaders of the transport sector stated that all roads and waterways are green channels for transporting goods." Vehicles transporting goods are allowed to circulate; issuing QR codes is to create priority. when passing the checkpoint, only pre-check, post-check and strictly handle violations", he said and suggested that the checkpoints when controlling must ensure that there are no prolonged and serious traffic jams; If there is a traffic jam, the gate must be released immediately.