Phân Tích Diễn Ngôn

 

Spoken language contains many ……, often simply sequences of phrases.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. internally complex

b. incomplete sentences .

c. well-structured sentences

d. subordinate clauses.

 

Under the influence of Bloomfield, and then Chomsky, linguists focused on ……….. problems of language for many decades.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. semantic

b. formal and structural .

c. All are correct.

d. functional

 

Passives, it-clefts or wh-clefts are common in…….

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. written language

b. spoken and written texts

c. All are correct.

d. spoken language .

 

The first official studies on discourse appeared in….

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. the 1950s. .

b. the 1940s.

c. the 1930s.

d. the 1920s

 

Coherence is the feeling that a text …….

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. contains information

b. hangs together. .

c. belongs to a particular genre.

d. has a formal surface relationship

 

According to Carthy (1993), cohesion is a guide to …..

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. intentionality

b. coherence. .

c. informativity

d. Intertextuality

 

Linguistically, written language tends to consist of clauses that are…….

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. internally complex. .

b. simply structured.

c. structurally independent.

d. All are correct.

 

 

Coherence is the feeling that a text …….

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. contains information

b. has a formal surface relationship

c. belongs to a particular genre.

d. hangs together. .

 

………context is the language that surrounds or accompanies the piece of discourse under analysis.

 

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Non-linguistic.

b. Experiential.

c. All are correct.

d. Linguistic .

 

How many elements are there in Halliday’s model of context?

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. 4

b. 2

c. 5

d. 3 .

 

According to J. R. Firth, the context consists of …….elements.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. 3 .

b. 5

c. 4.

d. 2

 

There is aKhông ……. relationship between discourse and context.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. dialectical .

b. overt

c. limited

d. unilateral

 

According to J. R. Firth, all meaning was ……. .

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. All are correct.

b. form-based

c. context-free.

d. function in context. .

 

In Dell Hymes’ model of context, Code is a term which is used instead of …….

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. language .

b. the time and place of a speech event

c. text-type

d. evaluation of the text

 

What does Addresser refer to in Dell Hymes’ model of context?

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. the speaker or the writer .

b. Only the writer

c. the hearer or the reader

d. Only the speaker

 

………context is the language that surrounds or accompanies the piece of discourse under analysis.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. All are correct.

b. Linguistic .

c. Experiential.

d. Non-linguistic.

 

………..reference: points the reader/listener backwards to a previously mentioned entity, process or state.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Anaphoric .

b. Cataphoric

c. Endophoric

d. Exophoric

 

 

……….refers to the use of nouns with general meanings to refer to some item with specific meanings.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Antonymy

b. Superordinate

c. Meronymy

d. General word .

 

References to the entity/items within the text are …….. references.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. anaphoric

b. exophoric

c. endophoric .

d. cataphoric

 

………..refers to the relationship between a particular text and other texts which share characteristics with it.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Informativity

b. Intertextuality .

c. Acceptabilty

d. Intentionality

 

According to J. R. Firth, by studying conversations can we understand………….. better

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. All are correct.

b. language and its form

c. language and its function .

d. Language and its structure

 

Utterances are not only dependant on the physical context for their interpretations, they are also …… the language surrounding them.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. slightly related to

b. isolated from

c. independent of

d. closely related to .

 

The topic, the purpose of the event and the setting belong to ….. context.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. formal

b. non-linguisic .

c. All are correct.

d. linguistic

 

Why did you come home late last night? / I won’t tell you why.

The type of ellipsis that takes place after why is………..

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. verbal ellipsis

b. nominal ellipsis

c. None is correct.

d. clausal ellipsis .

 

 

…….. means either restating an item in a later part of the discourse by direct repetition or else reasserting its meaning by exploiting lexical relations.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Repetition

b. All are correct.

c. Collocation

d. Reiteration .

 

Nominal substitution is the use of a substitute item to replace the ………. of a corresponding noun phrase.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. All are correct.

b. Postmodification

c. Head noun .

d. Premodification

 

Reiteration includes repetition, synonymy, antonymy, superodinate,……..and general word.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. metaphor

b. meronymy .

c. homonymy

d. metonymy

 

 

……….is the use of one lexical item with the same meaning in more than one sentence.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. synonymy

b. general word.

c. Repetition .

d. antonymy

 

According to Halliday & Hasan, substitution is a relation within the text on the ……….. level.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. grammatical

b. lexico-grammatical .

c. lexical

d. syntactical

 

 

Lexical cohesion is divided into reiteration and ……….

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. collocation .

b. subordination

c. apposition.

d. coordination

 

……….refers to the relation between different words bearing the same meaning or nearly the same meaning.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Repetition

b. antonymy

c. superodinate

d. Synonymy .

 

It’s the way I like to go to work. One person and one line of enquiry at a time. Otherwise, there’s a muddle.

In the above text, otherwise is aKhông………. conjunction.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. adversative

b. causal .

c. temporal

d. additive

 

AKhông ……….. act is performed via the communicative force of an utterance.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. illocutionary .

b. perlocutionary

c. locutionary

d. All are correct.

 

Performative verb is a verb that .............. names the illocutionary act being performed.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. None is correct.

b. explicitly .

c. implicitly

d. vaguely

 

A ……….. act is the results or effects that are produced by means of saying something.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. illocutionary

b. All are correct.

c. perlocutionary .

d. locutionary

 

Which does NOT belong to the Manner maxim?

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Be relevant. .

b. Avoid obscurity of expression.

c. Be brief

d. Avoid ambiguity.

 

Which is NOT a felicity condition on the successful performance of the act of Promising?

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. The utterance changes the speaker’s state from non-obligation to obligation.

b. The event will not have a beneficial effect. .

c. The event will not happen by itself.

d. The future event will be a future act of the speaker.

 

A discourse can be of any size as long as it forms aKhông…….

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. All are correct

b. large stretch of language

c. group of sentences

d. meaningful whole .

 

According to Nunan (1993) there are ……..types of context

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. two .

b. four

c. three

d. five

 

According to Dell Hymes, the context consists of ……. elements.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. 9

b. 10 .

c. 11

d. 8

 

The overhearers or unintended addressees are referred to as….. in Dell Hymes’ model of context.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. channel

b. topic

c. setting

d. audience .

 

The basic meaning of the …….. is ‘there is something more to be said’.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. additive relation .

b. temporal relation

c. adversative relation

d. causal relation

 

Echoing and auxiliary contrasting are the two types of ………

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. clausal ellipsis

b. verbal ellipsis .

c. None is correct.

d. nominal ellipsis

 

........... expresses the relationship of identity which exists between units in discourse.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Reference .

b. Substitution

c. Conjunction

d. Ellipsis

 

………..reference: points the reader/listener backwards to a previously mentioned entity, process or state.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Cataphoric

b. Anaphoric .

c. Endophoric

d. Exophoric

 

grouped illocutionary acts into ………. classes.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. three

b. six

c. five .

d. four

 

I’m not sure if this makes sense, but the car had no lights.

In the above sentence, I’m not sure if this makes sense is …….

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. a relation hedge

b. a quantity hedge

c. a manner hedge .

d. a quality hedge

 

Which is NOT an IFID?

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. punctuation .

b. performative verb

c. word order

d. intonation

 

Which type of presupposition is in Where did you go last night??

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Structural .

b. Existential

c. Factive

d. Lexical

 

 

Pragmatics is the study of how more gets communicated than is………..

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. shown

b. said .

c. done

d. signalled

 

Felicity conditions are those conditions for the performance of a speech act to be recognized .............

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. as intended

b. All are correct. .

c. as speech act x, y, or z

d. as such

 

………refers to the situation giving rise to the discourse, and within which the discourse is embedded.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Textuality

b. Context .

c. Discourse

d. Text

 

…………refers to those pairs of opposites that are gradable such as thin><thick.Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Contrary relation .

b. Relational opposite

c. Complementary relation

d. ordered series

 

………..is the relation between class and (direct) subclass.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Superordinate .

b. Meronymy

c. Antonymy

d. Synonymy

 

References to assumed, shared worlds outside the text are ……..reference.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. cataphoric

b. endophoric.

c. exophoric .

d. anaphoric.

 

Not to change the subject, but is this related to the budget?

In the above sentence, Not to change the subject is …….

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. a quantity hedge  Câu trả lời không đúng

b. a manner hedge Câu trả lời không đúng

c. a quality hedge

d. a relation hedge

 

Whenever there is an indirect relationship between a structure and a……….., we have an indirect speech act.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. meaning

b. function .

c. proposition

d. All are correct.

 

The action performed by producing an utterance consists of ……. related acts.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. 2

b. 4

c. 3 .

d. 5

 

appoint, dismiss, degrade, name, order, sentence are examples of ……….

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. behabitives Câu trả lời không đúng

b. commissives

c. exercitives

d. verdictives

 

……….. state(s) the ‘essence’ of the act, i.e., that the utterance ‘counts as’ speech act x or y or z.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Essential condition .

b. Propositional content conditions

c. Sincerity condition

d. Preparatory conditions

 

ctions performed via utterances are generally called……….

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. speaking acts

b. All are correct.

c. speech acts .

d. utterance acts

 

A presupposition is something the speaker assumes to be the case …….. making an utterance.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. while

b. after

c. All are correct.

d. before .

 

So, to cut a long story short, we grabbed our stuff and ran.

In the above sentence, to cut a long story short is …….

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. a quantity hedge .

b. a manner hedge

c. a relation hedge

d. a quality hedge

 

The syntax of spoken language is typically ……. structured…. that of written language.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. All are correct.

b. much less….than1923 .

c. much more…..than

d. as much….as

 

According to David Nunan, (1993), …. can be related, not only in terms of the idea they share, but also in terms of their functions within the discourse.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Phrases

b. All are correct.

c. sentences .

d. words

 

Grammatical cohesion is the surface marking of …….. links between clauses and sentences in written discourse, and between utterances and turns in speech.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. pragmatic

b. semantic .

c. All are correct.

d. syntactic

 

A 3rd person form typically refers …….. to a preceding item in the text.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. cataphorically

b. anaphorically .

c. endophorically

d. exophorically

 

‘not…but’ is the basic meaning of ….......

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Adversative relation ‘proper’

b. Dismissive (generalized adversative) relations

c. Corrective relations .

d. Contrastive relations

 

People, object, place, creature are examples of………

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Meronymy

b. Superordinate

c. Antonymy

d. General words .

 

The three environments in which clausal substitution takes place are ………....

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. report, modality and comparison

b. comparison, modality and condition

c. report, condition and modality .

d. report, comparison and condition

 

AKhông ……… act is the act of saying something which is meaningful and can be understood.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. perlocutionary

b. All are correct.

c. locutionary .

d. illocutionary

 

Which does NOT belong to the Manner maxim?

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Be brief

b. Be relevant. .

c. Avoid obscurity of expression.

d. Avoid ambiguity.

 

According to Searles, Could you lend me a pen, please? is aKhông ……….

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. representative

b. commissive

c. directive .

d. expressive

 

 

According to Halliday & Hasan, (1976), discourse is …….

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. a grammatical unit

b. isolated words or sentences.

c. a unit of form

d. a unit of language in use .

 

The interpretation of one sentence …….. without looking back at the previous sentences or referring to the coming ones.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. All are correct.

b. is hardly achieved .

c. is likely to be achieved

d. can be achieved

 

What type of reference is essentially a form of verbal pointing?

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Comparative

b. Demonstrative .

c. All are correct.

d. Personal

 

............ reference points the reader or listener forwards.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Cataphoric .

b. Exophoric

c. Endophoric

d. Anaphoric

 

Presuppositions ………. under negation.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. remain constant .

b. always change

c. None is correct.

d. sometimes change

 

Bert: Do you like ice-cream?

Ernie: Is the Pope Catholic.

Which maxim is violated in the above text?

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Manner

b. Quantity

c. Relation .

d. Quality

 

According to Searles, We will not do that. is aKhông ……….

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. representative

b. directive

c. commissive .

d. expressive

 

There are ………. types of substitution.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. 3 .

b. 2

c. 5

d. 4

 

Halliday & Hasan divides verbal ellipsis into ………

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. lexical and echoing ellipsis

b. operator and echoing ellipsis.

c. lexical and operator ellipsis. .

d. operator and auxiliary contrasting ellipsis.

 

Actions performed via utterances are generally called……….

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. utterance acts

b. speaking acts

c. All are correct.

d. speech acts .

 

Apologize, thank, deplore, compliment are examples of ...........

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. verdictives

b. exercitives

c. commissives

d. behabitives .

 

Which type of presupposition is in Where did you go last night??

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Factive

b. Lexical

c. Structural .

d. Existential

 

He couldn’t live without her, I guess.

In the above sentence, I guess is …….

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. a manner hedge

b. a quantity hedge

c. a relation hedge

d. a quality hedge .

 

Cohesion is concerned with formal surface structures (syntax and lexis) to interact with underlying …….. relations or underlying functional coherence to create textual unity.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Syntactic

b. semantic .

c. All are correct.

d. pragmatic

 

The relation between furninture and table, desk, chair, bed is that of ……..

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Antonymy

b. Synonymy

c. Superordinate .

d. Meronymy

 

..............reference items are expressed through personal pronouns, possessive pronouns and possessive determiners.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Demonstrative

b. Personal .

c. Comparartive

d. All are correct.

 

References to the entity/items within the text are …….. references.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. cataphoric

b. anaphoric

c. exophoric

d. endophoric .

 

Which type of clausal substitution is perhaps not?

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Substitution of comparative clauses

b. Substitution of modalized clauses .

c. Substitution of conditional clauses

d. Substitution of reported clauses

 

………. refers to the association of lexical items that regularly co-occur.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Repetition

b. Collocation .

c. Reiteration

d. Synonymy

 

Most of the instances of the substitute one/ones are ……….. .

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. anaphoric .

b. cataphoric

c. exophoric

d. All are correct.

 

According to Searles, Declarations are those kinds of speech acts that …….. the world via their utterance.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. change .

b. None is correct.

c. describe.

d. fit