Dịch Đại Cương - Bài Giữa Kỳ - Đề số 1

 

I. Answer the following questions:  (40 points)

1. What are the different definitions on translation?

2. What is the nature of translation?                                   

(The file sent will be named after each student’s name. Plagiarism will lead to failure)

Bài làm

1: When we speak of the form of a language, we are referring to the actual words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, etc. The forms are referred to as the surface structure of a language. It is the structural part of language which is actually seen in print or heard in speech.

In translation the form of the source language is replaced by the form of the receptor/target language.

Translation is the expression in another language of what has been expressed in one language.

In this definition, you should preserve semantic and stylistic equivalencies.

Translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language.

In this case you can understand that there must be an equivalent text in the second language. You should try to find and create as many as equivalents as possible.

Translation is rendering a written text into another language in a way that the author intended the text.

If the originals have some significance, we generally require that their images also have the same significance, or, more realistically, as nearly the same significance as we can get. Keeping significance invariant is the central problem in translating between natural languages.

 To translate means “to produce a text in a target setting for a target purpose and target addressees in target circumstances".

One of the most important factors determining the purpose of a translation is the addressee, who is the intended receiver or audience of the target text with their culture-specific world-knowledge, their expectations and their communicative needs. Every translation is directed at an intended audience.

Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message.

In this aspect the reproduction of a language is put forward. The natural equivalent is paid much attention to. Of course, the translator has to spend much more time on the nature of the target language.

Translation leads from a source-language text to a target-language text which is as close an equivalent as possible and presupposes an understanding of the content and style of the original.

2:

A translation is a text that is considered to be different from the original (the source text) but it is also a fact that the source text and the translated text are the same in terms of the sense they convey. It is often said that translation gives new clothes to a piece of writing by putting it in a different form.

Reproducing the Message

You should bear in mind that translating must aim primarily at “reproducing the message.” To do anything else is essentially false to one’s task as a translator.

But to reproduce the message one must make a good many grammatical and lexical adjustments. A meaningful equivalent is "tender compassion,” and it is precise in this manner that many translations attempt to reproduce the significance of this source-language expression.

Equivalence rather than Identity

The translator must strive for equivalence rather than identity. In a sense this is just another way of emphasizing the reproduction of the message rather than the conservation of the form of the utterance, but it reinforces the need for radical alteration of a phrase such as I think or in my opinion which may be quite meaningless.

Dynamic Equivalence over Formal Correspondence

Equivalence in translation is considered mainly in terms of form and

meaning. However, over the past years, translation scholars have focused more on the communicative function than on the notion of equivalence of the target text.

The translator is seen as a bilingual communicator in an intercultural situation, who can competently produce utterances which are also appropriate in the given sociocultural circumstances.

A Natural Equivalent

Natural refers to three areas of the communication process: a natural

rendering should fit the whole receptor language and culture, the context of the specific message, and the receptor-language audience. Therefore the translation should bear no obvious trace of a foreign origin. A natural translation would have to deal with two main areas of adaptation, that is grammar and lexicon   

II. Translation practice

1. Translate the following text into Vietnamese (30 points)

           The two most interesting arguments in The Concept of the Corporation actually had little to do with the decentralization fad. They were to dominate his work. The first had to do with “empowering” workers. Drucker believed in treating workers as resources rather than just as costs. He was a harsh critic of the assembly-line system of production that then dominated the manufacturing sector – partly because assembly lines moved at the speed of the slowest and partly because they failed to engage the creativity of individual workers. The second argument had to do with the rise of knowledge workers. Drucker argued that the world is moving from an “economy of goods” to an economy of “knowledge” – and from a society dominated by an industrial proletariat to one dominated by brain workers. He insisted that this had profound implications for both managers and politicians. Managers had to stop treating workers like cogs in a huge inhuman machine and start treating them as brain workers. In turn, politicians had to realise that knowledge, and hence education, was the single most important resource for any advanced society.

Dịch

Hai lập luận thú vị nhất trong Khái niệm về Tổng công ty thực sự không liên quan nhiều đến xu hướng phân quyền. Họ đã chi phối công việc của anh ta. Việc đầu tiên phải làm với "trao quyền" cho người lao động. Drucker tin tưởng vào việc coi người lao động là nguồn lực thay vì chỉ là chi phí. Ông là người chỉ trích gay gắt hệ thống dây chuyền sản xuất khi đó thống trị lĩnh vực sản xuất - một phần vì các dây chuyền lắp ráp di chuyển với tốc độ chậm nhất và một phần vì chúng không thu hút được sự sáng tạo của từng người lao động. Lập luận thứ hai liên quan đến sự gia tăng của những người lao động tri thức. Drucker lập luận rằng thế giới đang chuyển từ “nền kinh tế hàng hóa” sang nền kinh tế “tri thức” - và từ một xã hội do giai cấp vô sản công nghiệp thống trị sang một xã hội do những người lao động trí óc thống trị. Ông nhấn mạnh rằng điều này có ý nghĩa sâu sắc đối với cả các nhà quản lý và chính trị gia. Các nhà quản lý đã phải ngừng đối xử với công nhân như những chiếc bánh răng trong một cỗ máy khổng lồ vô nhân đạo và bắt đầu coi họ như những người lao động trí óc. Đổi lại, các chính trị gia phải nhận ra rằng kiến ​​thức, và do đó giáo dục, là nguồn lực quan trọng nhất đối với bất kỳ xã hội tiên tiến nào.

 

 2. Translate the following text into English (30 points) 

                       Lúc này phải coi tất cả hàng hóa đều là thiết yếu trừ hàng cấm, tất cả đều quan trọng, theo Bộ trưởng Giao thông Vận tải Nguyễn Văn Thể. Ông Nguyễn Văn Thể nêu ý kiến trên tại cuộc họp trực tuyến cùng Bộ Công Thương, Bộ Nông nghiệp và Phát triển Nông thôn, UBND các tỉnh, thành về tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho vận chuyển hàng hóa, nông sản, chiều 25/8. Lãnh đạo ngành giao thông nêu rõ, tất cả các tuyến đường bộ, đường thủy đều là luồng xanh phục vụ vận chuyển hàng hóa."Các phương tiện vận chuyển hàng hóa đều được lưu thông; cấp mã QR code là để tạo ưu tiên khi qua chốt, chỉ tiền kiểm, hậu kiểm và xử lý nghiêm minh với các vi phạm", ông nói và đề nghị các chốt khi kiểm soát phải đảm bảo không xảy ra ùn tắc giao thông kéo dài, nghiêm trọng; nếu xảy ra ùn tắc phải xả chốt ngay.

Dịch:

At this time, all goods should be considered as essential except prohibited goods, transport minister Nguyen Van The said. Mr. Nguyen Van The mentioned the idea above at an at an online meeting with the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the People's Committees of provinces and cities on creating favorable conditions for the transport of goods and agricultural products, on the afternoon of 25/8. Leaders of the transport sector stated that all roads and waterways are green channels for transporting goods: "Vehicles transporting goods are allowed to circulate; issuing QR codes is to create priority, QR code is compulsory when passing checkpoint, pre-check, post-check and strictly handle violations". Furthermore, he suggested that checkpoints must be controlled and make sure that there are no prolonged and serious traffic jam, check point must be released immediately if traffic jam happen.