Kiểm tra tự luận Văn Học Anh - Mỹ EN16

 

I. Answer the following questions: (50 points )

1. What three languages were spoken in England in the 11th - 13th centuries, and whom were they spoken by? Mention some reasons.   

2. What is a romance, a fabliaux, a bestiaria? In what language were they written?

(The file sent will be named after each student’s name. Plagiarism will lead to failure)

Assignment:

1.     Early 11th century - The people attack England, and the King of England (Ethelred the Unready) escapes to Normandy. The Battle of Maldon became the subject of one of the few surviving poems in Old English. The King of Denmark (Canute) ruled England and encouraged the development of Anglo-Saxon culture and literature.

Mid-11th century Edward the Confessor, King of England, who grew up in Normandy, named William, Duke of Normandy, as his heir.

Late 13th century —Under Edward I, royal power was consolidated in England and Wales. English has become the linguistic value of all classes.

Mid to late 14th century - The Hundred Years' War between England and France resulted in England and France almost all of French property. The Black Death kills about a third of britain's population. Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales in English. English became the official language of law and replaced Latin as the teaching method in most schools. Translation of the Latin Bible by John Wyc...

 

2.     Romanticism and Dark Romanticism are two related literary movements. Romanticism is a literary, intellectual and artistic movement that originated in Europe in the late 18th century. Dark romanticism is a literary sub-body of Romanticism, characterized by evil or darkness. This is the main difference between romanticism and dark romanticism.

·       Romance

Romanticism is an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in Europe in the late 18th century. Romanticism is a reaction against rules, conventions, and traditions. Literature in the Romantic era has attached more importance to self-expression. Romantics believe that literature should be guided by warm emotions, not reason or wisdom. They also make more sense for the uniqueness of the individual by emphasizing the rights and dignity of the individual. Poetry was the dominant form of literature during this period. Many prominent poets such as Wordsworth, Blake, Keats and Shelly belonged to the Romantic period. Their poetry is characterized by an emphasis on the intuition of reason and pastoralism in the city. Romanticism is an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in Europe in the late 18th century. Romanticism is a reaction against rules, conventions, and traditions. Literature in the Romantic era has attached more importance to self-expression. Romantics believe that their writing...

·       Bestiaria

Dark Romanticism is a literary sub-body of Romanticism that was born in the late eighteenth century. The name Dark Romanceism was coined by literary theorist Mario Praz in 1930, based on the characteristics of the genre. As the name implies, the genre is separate from mainstream romantic literature through its frequent use of dark themes such as supernatural, sinful, evil, personal torment, and self-destruction. They used dark and mysterious images and contained characters such as demons, monsters, vampires, vampires and ghosts. Dark Romantics often depict people who are outcasts from society. According to critic G. R. Thompson, the following characteristics are the main characteristics of Dark Romanticism.

Dark Romanticism is a literary sub-body of Romanticism that was born in the late eighteenth century. The name Dark Romanceism was coined by literary theorist Mario Praz in 1930, based on the characteristics of the genre. As the name implies, the genre is separate from mainstream romantic literature through its frequent use of dark themes such as supernatural, sinful, evil, personal torment, and self-destruction. They used dark and mysterious images and contained characters such as demons, monsters, vampires, vampires and ghosts. Dark Romantics often depict people who are outcasts from society. According to critic G. R. Thompson, the following characteristics are the main characteristics of Dark Romanticism.

An unnamed sense of guilt combined with doubt of the outside world is an illusory prediction of the mind. Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville are famous American authors of this movement. Lord Byron, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Mary Shelley are important British authors of this movement.

 

II. Comments (50 points ) 

        Write what you know about the life and works of Geoffrey Chaucer - The founder of English realism

Assignment:

Geoffrey Chaucer (c1343 -1400) was a 14th-century writer, philosopher and diplomat in England. He was known as the father of English literature and the greatest author of that language until the birth of Shakespeare's work.

It is said that Chaucer found the true nature of the English language and was the best poet of his time. The author of works such as The Canterbury Story and of Troilus and Cressida, in which he demonstrates proficiency and proficiency in language, as well as sensitivity at the time of presenting topics.

He also cooperated in public services; He held a high position and gained confidence in his sovereignty. Geoffrey Chaucer was a courtier and diplomat of three kings, first edward III, then Richard II and finally Henry IV.

The author did not devote himself to the humanities, as he penetrated the sciences, especially in astronomy, an area that Chaucer emphasized and wrote a work that he titled the Treaty on the Measuring of Heights, Dedicated to his son Lewis,  He was ten years old at the time...

He has always tended to serve his kingdom, through his work as a diplomat or his literary work, since in both fields he excelled with an admirable performance..

As a diplomat, he traveled throughout continental Europe and at each destination, he gathered experience and knowledge that contributed to his literary training..

• First year

Geoffrey Chaucer was born in 1343 in London. His father's name is John Chaucer and he comes from a middle-class family that grew up in the wine business. His mother, Agnes Copton, also had a well-off position, inheriting several shops in London..

His father had a good relationship with the court because he had served the king's butler and was part of Edward III's expedition to Flanders. The family name comes from the French chausseur, what the shoemaker means.

Apparently, John Chaucer offered his son very early on as a real waiter. In 1357, Geoffrey's name first appeared, after which it was served in the home of a daughter-in-law of his Eduardo III..

In that way, young people like Geoffrey Chaucer are guaranteed access to education provided to the courts. Besides, they have the ability to make valuable connections for their career and career in the future..

• Politics and diplomacy

During the Hundred Years' War, Chaucer was taken prisoner in Reims and the British government paid £16 for his ransom, which in the fourteenth century was a high sum. He then continued under royal service and some historians believe he may have studied law, as is common..

Since 1366, he has joined diplomatic missions as an emissary of Eduardo III. The first place was Spain, but the next 10 years took Chaucer across Europe..

Also in 1366 Geoffrey Chaucer married Philippa Pan, who preferred him to serve the Countess of Ulster. After the death of his wife, Chaucer's wife adopted the orders of King Edward III's spouse, Philippa de Hainaut..

From 1367 it became the king's yeoman, since then it has obtained a monthly rent by its new position in the court. His responsibilities were also increased, as he was in charge of more personnel in service to King Edward III..

In the 1370s, the Chaucer family reached a period of economic development. He continued to serve as diplomatic envoy until in 1374, he acquired a position in the Port of London, the first time in a long time he left the court, and this article was ratified in 1377 when the British throne came to power...

·       Literary

His first great work was the Duchess's Book, an elegant person for Blanche de Lancaster, who in real life was the wife of John de Gaunt, Chaucer's friend. This work appears to have been written between 1368 and 1374..

Most of Geoffrey Chauler's literary works were written while he was director of Customs at the Port of London, between 1374 and 1386. This was one of the most peaceful and prosperous periods of chaucer's life, who was always devoted to the needs of their kings..

In addition to his work as a writer and poet, Chaucer also made several translations. It seems that these works were the first works that gave the British author good comments regarding his literary talents..

However, Chaucer did not limit himself to authoring poetry and literature with a humanistic motive, but also participated in scientific topics in works such as the Treaty of Astrolabe, which described the workings of the instruments in detail. It appears to be the first technical text written in English..

Geoffrey Chaucer is credited as the first British author to introduce the language with beautiful letters and found unexplored storytelling voices in the British Isles by its predecessors..