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A compound is a unit of vocabulary which
........................................
...more than one lexical stem. The resulting compound
functions as a single item with specific meaning and grammar
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.Consists with
b.Consists of Câu trả lời đúng
c.Consists by
d.Consists in
The branch of lexicology devoted to the study of meaning is
called semasiology. Meaning is a realization of a notion or a
motion....................definite language system.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.Through means of
b.For means of
c.By means of Câu trả lời đúng
d.In means of
The definition of the meaning is especially difficult
........................ ..................................the process by which
language and human consciousness serve to reflect the reality and adopt it to
human needs
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.Due to the complexity of Câu trả lời đúng
b.Due at the complexity of
c.Due for the complexity of
d.Due onto the complexity of
All major works on semantic theory have so far been based on
referential concepts of meaning. The best known referential model of meaning is
.................................
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.The then-called "basic triangle"
b.The too-called "basic triangle"
c.The first-called "basic triangle"
d.The so-called "basic triangle" Câu trả lời đúng
Antonyms are words of the same part of speech, but opposite
in meaning.
Many words, especially those denoting concrete objects
(chair, tree, tiger) have no antonyms. Usually adjectives denoting qualities,
verbs ............................. actions or state and abstract nouns have
antonyms
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.Denotation
b.Denoting Câu trả lời đúng
c.Denotational
d.Denotative
Some English words can change their word class ………………………….
their form. Thus, they can function as nouns (e.g. a Mother) or as verbs (to
mother somebody) without any affixes or inflections. Such change of a word
class without any derivative means is called conversion
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Without changing their form. Câu trả lời đúng
b. Without being changing their form. Câu trả lời không đúng
c. Without any change their form.
d. Without being changed their form. Câu trả lời không đúng
Grammar, which is inseparably bound up with Lexicology, is
the study of the grammatical …………………… of language
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Results
b. Reasons
c. Structure Câu trả lời đúng
d. Causes
There are many different types of English dictionaries.
First of all they may all be roughly divided into two groups — encyclopaedic
and linguistic. The two groups of …………………………………differ essentially in the choice
of items included and in the sort of information given about them.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Referential
b. Reference books Câu trả lời đúng
c. Referent
d. Referring books
A morpheme is also an association of a given meaning
with………………..But unlike a word it is not autonomous. Morphemes occur in speech
only as constituent parts of words, not independently, although a word may
consist of a single morpheme
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. A giving sound pattern
b. A given sound model
c. A given sound track
d. A given sound pattern Câu trả lời đúng
Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, the …………………… of
language.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Calculation
b. Research
c. Science Câu trả lời đúng
d. Technology
A metaphor is a figure of speech that refers to something as
being the same as another thing for rhetorical effect. It may provide
................................... ................hidden similarities between
two ideas. Where a compares two items, a metaphor directly equates them, and
does not use "like" or "as" as does a simile.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.Clarity or identification
b.Clarifying or identify
c.Clarity or identifying
d.Clarity or identify Câu trả lời đúng
Lexicology also ……………………….. all kinds of semantic relations
(synonyms, antonyms etc) and semantic grouping (semantic fields)
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Learns
b. Does
c. Studies Câu trả lời đúng
d. Deal
It may be easily ……………that the lexical meaning of the word “
boy ” and the lexical meaning of the root-morpheme boy — in such words as
boyhood, boyish and others are very much the same
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Observing
b. Observation
c. Observed Câu trả lời đúng
d. Observe
Roots-are main morphemic vehicles of a given idea in a given
language at a given stage of its development. A root may be also regarded as
the ultimate constituent element which remains ………………………………….. all functional
and derivational affixes and does not admit any further analysis
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. After the removal for
b. After the removal of Câu trả lời đúng
c. After the move of
d. After the removing of
Denotation expresses a notion. Denotation is objective, it
reflects objective reality through notions. The other part of meaning may
express ......................... ............of the speaker to the object of
speech, or it may characterize the role of the speaker in the process of
communication.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.A personal attitude Câu trả lời đúng
b.A person attitude
c.A personifying attitude
d.A personification attitude
General Lexicology is part of General Linguistics; it is
concerned with the study of vocabulary ……………………… the specific features of any
particular language
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Irrespective with
b. Irrespective for
c. Irrespective from
d. Irrespective of Câu trả lời đúng
Lexicology is a branch of linguistics which studies the
……………………………. of a language
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Parts of speech
b. Vocabulary Câu trả lời đúng
c. Semantics
d. Grammar
The term morpheme is derived from Gr morphe ‘form’+ eme.
Linguists to ……..or the minimum distinctive feature have adopted the Greek
suffix – eme. (Cf. phoneme, sememe). The morpheme is the smallest meaningful
unit of form
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Denoting the smallest unit
b. Denotative the smallest unit
c. Denote the smallest unit Câu trả lời đúng
d. Denotation the smallest unit
Many English words consist of a single root-morpheme, so
when we say that most morphemes possess …………………………………………… we imply mainly the
root-morphemes in such words
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Lexical meaning . Câu trả lời đúng
b. Lexical meanness
c. Lexical means
d. Lexical meaningful
A word is a minimum free form. A morpheme is said to be
either bound or free. This statement should be taken with caution. It means
that ………………forming words without adding other morphemes: that is, they are
homonymous to free forms
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Some morphemes are capable of Câu trả lời đúng
b. Some morphemes are capable for
c. Some morphemes are capable for
d. Some morphemes are capable about
According to the role they play in constructing words,
morphemes are subdivided into roots and affixes. …………………into prefixes, suffixes
and infixes
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. The last are further subdivided, according to their
position
b. The latest are further subdivided, according to their
position
c. The later are further subdivided, according to their
position
d. The latter are further subdivided, according to their
position Câu trả lời đúng
Historical or diachronic lexicology deals with …………………………….
of the vocabulary and the changes it has undergone. Ex. In descriptive
lexicology the words « to take « ,«to adopt « are considered to be English not
to be different from such native words as « child »,» foot «,» stone « etc. But
in historical lexicology they are treated as borrowed words.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. The developed
b. Develop
c. Developing
d. The development Câu trả lời đúng
A form is said to be free if it may stand alone without
changing its meaning; if not, it is a bound form, so called because …………………………
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. It is always bound to something else. Câu trả lời đúng
b. It is always bound by something else.
c. It is always bound for something else.
d. It is always bound with something else.
It will at once be noticed that the root in English is very
often homonymous with the word. This fact is of fundamental importance as
……………………..arising from its general grammatical system on the one hand, and from
its phonemic system on the other
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. It is one of the most specifiable features of the English
language.
b. It is one of the most specific features of the English
language Câu trả lời đúng
c. It is one of the most specification features of the
English language
d. It is one of the most specified features of the English
language
Lexicology is …………………. with words, variable word-groups,
phraseological units, and with morphemes which make up words
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Relation
b. Dealt
c. Concerned Câu trả lời đúng
d. Getting on
Nowadays there is no ............... of the meaning, or
rather a definition all the basic features of meaning and being simultaneously
time operational
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.Universal accepted definition
b.Universe accepted definition
c.Universally accepting definition
d.Universally accepted definition Câu trả lời đúng
Descripitive lexicology studies the words at a synchronic
aspect. It is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as they exist at the
……………time
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Presented
b. Presentation
c. Present Câu trả lời đúng
d. Presenting
An infix is ………………………….placed with in the word, like – n –
in stand. The type is not productive
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. An affixation
b. An affix Câu trả lời đúng
c. An affixational
d. A affix
An English word does not necessarily contain formatives
indicating to what part of speech it belongs. This holds true ………………i.e. nouns,
verbs, adjectives. Not all roots are free forms, but productive roots, i.e.
roots capable of producing new words, usually are
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Even with respect to inflexible parts of speech, Câu trả lời
đúng
b. Even with respect about inflexible parts of speech,
c. Even with respect for inflexible parts of speech,
d. Even with respect of inflexible parts of speech,
A specific group of rhyme-motivated compounds are ablaut
motivated compounds. Ablaut is a term defining …………………..of two elements, e.g.
zigzag; or tick-tock. Ablaut-motivated compounds are used to imitate child-like
speech or to stress interjections
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Vowel changed or alternation
b. Vowel change or alternating
c. Vowel changing or alternation
d. Vowel change or alternation Câu trả lời đúng
Clippings, blendings and acronyms are subclasses of so
called “portmanteau words” ………………..fragments of two or more words
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Which consist in
b.Which consist with
c. Which consist on
d. Which consist of Câu trả lời đúng
…………..may form noun plurals (the Germans); genitive case
(headmaster’s); 3rd person singular (speaks); past tense (worked); contracted
forms (we´re); comparatives and superlatives (bigger; the biggest) or
participles (speaking).
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Inflective suffixes
b. Inflectionally suffixes
c. Inflectional suffixes Câu trả lời đúng
d. Inflection suffixes
A prefix is a derivational morpheme standing before the root
and……….., cf. to hearten – to dishearten. It is only with verbs and statives
that a prefix may serve to distinguish one part of speech from another, like in
earth n–unearth v, sleep n – asleep
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Modifying meaning Câu trả lời đúng
b. Modifier meaning
c. Modificative meaning
d. Modification meaning
Clipping is ……………………………….in English language which
“economises” words. Clipping “clips”, i.e. shortens lexemes whilst preserves
the original meaning. Basically, any part of the word may be clipped:
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. A relative new trend
b. A relation new trend
c. A related new trend
d. A relatively new trend Câu trả lời đúng
Rhyme-motivated compounds are usually composed of two
elements. The major motivating factor is the rhyme, e.g. flower-power; or
brain-drain. Formation of …………………………compounds is a very productive process
excessively used in advertising or journalese style and, consequently in
everyday speech.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Rhyme-motivating
b. Rhyme-motivate
c. Rhyme-motivated Câu trả lời đúng
d. Rhyme-motivation
Blending is also a new, trendy and ……………………..which “blends”,
i.e. joins fragments of two or more words to create a new form. The meaning is
being retained. Enough of the lexeme is usually retained so that the elements
are recognisable.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Eye-caught process
b. Eye-catched process
c. Eye-catch process
d. Eye-catching process Câu trả lời đúng
…………………., some prefixes express the difference between a
transitive and an intransitive verb: stay v and outstay (smb) v t. With a few
exceptions prefixes modify the stem for time (pre-t post-), place (in-, ad-),
negation (un-, dis-) and remain semantically rather independent of the stem
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Preceding a verb stem Câu trả lời đúng
b. Precedence a verb stem
c. Precede a verb stem
d. To precede a verb stem
………………….. related to parts of human body, clothing or
instruments people use. However, the meaning of the converted words may vary
from the meaning of the non-converted words. For example, a skirt denotes a
woman’s garment that hangs from the waist
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Conversion employing a vast number of words
b. Conversion employ a vast number of words
c. Conversion is employed a vast number of words
d. Conversion employs a vast number of words Câu trả lời đúng
Derivational suffixes ……………….of the original word: they may
change the word class, specify the word or generalise it. Most scholars
recognise suffixes forming nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Effective modify the meaning
b. Effectively modify the meaning Câu trả lời đúng
c. Effection modify the meaning
d. Effectiveness modify the meaning
Unlike roots, affixes are always bound forms……………………………, it
will be remembered, is not confined to their respective position, suffixes
being «fixed after» and prefixes «fixed before» the stem. It also concerns
their function and meaning
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. The difference between suffixation and prefixes
b. The difference between suffixes and prefixation
c. The difference between suffixals and prefixes
d. The difference between suffixes and prefixes Câu trả lời
đúng
The semantic realization of an English word is therefore
very specific. ………………………………by the widespread occurrence of homonymy both among
root morphemes and affixes
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Its dependence onto distribution is further enhanced
b. Its dependence on distribution is further enhanced Câu trả
lời đúng
c. Its dependence for distribution is further enhanced
d. Its dependence upon distribution is further enhanced
If we realize that suffixes render the most general semantic
component of the word’s lexical meaning…………, the reason why suffixes are as a
rule semantically fused with the stem stands explained
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. By mark the general class of phenomena to which the
referent of the word belongs
b. By marked the general class of phenomena to which the
referent of the word belongs
c. By marking the general class of phenomena to which the
referent of the word belongs Câu trả lời đúng
d. By marker the general class of phenomena to which the
referent of the word belongs
A suffix is a ………………….following the stem and forming a new
derivative in a different part of speech or a different word class, cf. – en, –
y, – less in hearten, hearty, heartless
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Derivative morpheme
b. Derived morpheme
c. Derivation morpheme
d. Derivational morpheme Câu trả lời đúng.
Lexical meaning is not indivisible, it .............................
......................in three components: denotational, connotational, and
pragmatic.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.may be analysis
b.may be analyzed Câu trả lời đúng
c.may be analytic
d.may be analytical
The basic principle of .....................is that words do
not exist in isolation. The meanings of words are defined through the sense
relations they have with other words
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.A structural semantic approach
b.A structural semantics approach
c.A structural semasiological approach Câu trả lời không
đúng
d.A structural semasiology approach
The subjective part of meaning is the connotation of the
word. ........................... .................. are subjective, they
characterize the speaker, his attitude, his social role.
There are four types of connotation:
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.Connotations Câu trả lời đúng
b.Connotative
c.Connotatively
d.Connotate
Phraseology is the study of set expressions called
phraseological units. These "set expressions are ..........................................................idiomatic
and reproduced in speech as ready- made units.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.Completely or partially Câu trả lời đúng
b.Completely or partial
c.Completeness or partially
d.Complete or partially
Lexicology is …………derivational affixes, the other group
being the domain of grammarians. The derivational affixes in fact, as well as
the whole problem of word-formation, form a boundary area between lexicology
and grammar and are therefore studied in both
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Primarily concerned by
b. Primarily concerned to
c. Primarily concerned of
d. Primarily concerned with Câu trả lời đúng
…………….lexicography focuses on the design, compilation, use
and evaluation of specialized dictionaries, i.e. dictionaries that are devoted
to a (relatively restricted) set of linguistic and factual elements of one or
more specialist subject fields, e.g. .
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Specialization
b. Special
c. Specialized Câu trả lời đúng
d. Specializing
In an encyclopaedia the entry influenza discloses the
causes, symptoms, characteristics and varieties of this disease, various
treatments of and remedies for it, ways of infection, etc. Though, ……………, it is
with linguistic dictionaries that lexicology is closely connected and in our
further consideration
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Strictly speak
b.Strictly speaking Câu trả lời đúng
c. Strict speaking
d. Strict speak
Because this phrase is a kind of adverb. to be true, it is
the disjunct.
…………………….exist in language and are reproduced in speech as
ready-made units, whereas free word groups or combinations are created in
speech every time we need them.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Set phrases
b. Set expressions Câu trả lời đúng
c. Set sayings
d. Set terms
Phraseological fusions are word-groups with a completely
changed meaning but, in contrast to the unities, they are demotivated, that is,
their meaning cannot be …….the meanings of the constituent parts; the metaphor,
on which the shift of m.eaning was based, has lost its clarity and is obscure.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Deduced with
b. Deduced by
c. Deduced from Câu trả lời đúng
d. Deduced away
Dictionaries of alphabetic languages list words in
alphabetical order. With non-alphabetic languages, it may be different. The order
in a dictionary with ideographic entries such as Chinese character is often
troublesome and ……………….because each character has different readings.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Controversy
b. Controversiality
c. Controversial Câu trả lời đúng
d. Controversialy
Phraseological unities are word-groups with a completely
changed meaning, that is, the meaning of the unit does not correspond to the
meanings of its constituent parts. They are ………………or, putting it another way,
the meaning of the whole unit can be deduced from the meanings of the
constituent parts.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Motivated units Câu trả lời đúng
b. Motivation units
c. Motivating units
d. Motivative units
General lexicography ………., use and evaluation of general
dictionaries, i.e. dictionaries that provide a description of the language in
general use. Such a dictionary is usually called a general dictionary or LGP
dictionary (Language for General Purpose).
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Focuses at the design, compilation
b. Focuses about the design, compilation
c. Focuses onto the design, compilation
d. Focuses on the design, compilation Câu trả lời đúng
Lexicography, the science, of dictionary-compiling, is
closely connected with lexicology, both dealing with the same problems — the
form, meaning, usage and origin of vocabulary units — and making ………………….of
each other’s achievements.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.Usefulness
b. Useful
c. Use Câu trả lời đúng
d. Useless
Criteria of synonymity is interchangeability. ………….that
neither the traditional definition of synonyms nor the new version provide for
any objective criterion of similarity of meaning.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. It should be pointed with
b. It should be pointed out Câu trả lời đúng
c. It should be pointed about
d. It should be pointed at
The .................................. .................go,
goes, went, going, gone possess different grammatical meanings of tense,
person, number, but in each form they have one and the same semantic component
denoting 'the process of movement'.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.word-forms Câu trả lời đúng
b.word-formations
c.word-formings
d.word-formating
Metaphor : a figure of speech based on similarity (hidden
comparison between the object/ notion ………………….denoted by the word and the
object/notion in question.).
Metaphor gives freshness and vivacity to speech.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Generally Câu trả lời đúng
b. General
c. Generalized
d. Generalizing
It is easily observed that the sound form of the word is not
……………….There is no inherent connection between the sound cluster [d/\v] and the
meaning of the word dove
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Identication with its meaning
b. Identity with its meaning
c. Identical with its meaning Câu trả lời đúng
d. Identified with its meaning
……………….distinguishes between the three closely connected
components with meaning, that is 1) the sound-form of the linguistic sign, 2)
the concept underlying this sound form and 3) the referent, i.e. the part or
aspect of reality to which the linguistic sign refers
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Referential Approach Câu trả lời đúng
b. Referred Approach
c. Referent Approach
d. Referring Approach
The modern approach to ……………. the assumption that the inner
form of the word presents a structure which is called the semantic structure of
the word
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Semasiology is based at
b. Semasiology is based on Câu trả lời đúng
c. Semasiology is based onto
d. Semasiology is based with
The ……………is the meaning proper to the given linguistic unit
in all its forms and distributions.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. lexically meaning
b. lexical meaning Câu trả lời đúng
c. lexicology meaning
d. lexicological meaning
Motivation denotes the relationship between ………..and
structural pattern of the word on the one hand, and its meaning on the other.
Motivation can be of three types: morphological, phonetical and sematic.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. The phonetic or morphemic composition
b. The phonemic or morphemic composition Câu trả lời đúng
c. The phonemic or morpheme composition
d. The phoneme or morphemic composition
One part of meaning expressing a notion is called
denotation. ........................................................establishes
correlation between the name and the object, process or characteristic feature
of concrete reality (or thought) which is denoted by the given word.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.Denoting meaning
b.Denotational meaning Câu trả lời đúng
c.Denotative meaning
d.Denotation meaning
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