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LUYỆN TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM 1
1. Read the text and choose the best answer.
There is a common expression in English language referring to a blue moon. When
people say that something happens "only once in blue moon,” they mean that it happens
only very rarely, once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a
century and a half; there are references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century.
The expression " a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in
any given calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is
particularly blue or is any different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead, it is called a blue moon because it is so rare- The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon. Because every month except Febmary has
more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which
will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another
full moon at the very beginning of March). It is or the occasion when a given calendar
month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often,
only three or four times in a decade.
The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because
of their colon however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in
reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain
natural phenomena of gigantic proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon
from Earth. The eruption of the Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the
atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint. This particular
occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today.
Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the
Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint.
How long has the expression “once in a blue moon" been around?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. For 200 years
b. For around 50 years
c. For more than 100 years (Đúng)
d. For less than 100 years
2. Read the text and choose the best answer.
2
Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been
a popular tourist destination. Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute
Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River
in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S. side
of the river in the state of New York. Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over
the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls.
Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take
a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view. It is
also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the
Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation
towers which have heights up to 500 feet.
Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual
visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year. Because of concern that all
these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the
state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land
surrounding American Falls. A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the
Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls. With the area surrounding the falls
under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve
the pristine beauty of the area.
A "steamer” in paragraph 2 is probably
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. A boat (Đúng)
b. A park
c. a bus
d. A walkway
3. Read the text and complete the sentence below.
COURSE GUIDELINES
Assignments
Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped
by human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a
report. This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today. If you opt to
produce an artefact, (e.g. a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected
to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it.
You need to follow these steps:
•Find out precisely what is expected of you. Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus
document.
•Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate.
3
•Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much
time you can seriously devote to it.
Choosing a topic
Remember that this course is essentially concerned with the achievement of desired
ends. So first identify a real-life problem, then consider it in detail, specify a precise need
and then define your design task. As you plan, wherever possible, consider using new
materials, techniques and technology such as computer-aided design (CAD).
There is nothing wrong with talking to knowledgeable people about your project; in fact,
this shows initiative. However, the project is yours so you must do the work yourself.
You will need a fairly flexible plan because sometimes resources, apparatus and
consumables may not be available when you need them. It is a good idea to work
backwards when planning so you know you will meet your final deadline. Finally, when
you plan the various stages of your project give due regard to safety and costs.
As well as being cost effective, the method chosen must also be…………………
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. safety
b. safe (Đúng)
c. cost
d. technology
4. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been
a popular tourist destination. Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute
Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River
in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S. side
of the river in the state of New York. Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over
the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls.
Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take
a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view. It is
also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the
Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation
towers which have heights up to 500 feet.
Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual
visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year. Because of concern that all
these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the
state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land
surrounding American Falls. A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the
Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls. With the area surrounding the falls
4
under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve
the pristine beauty of the area.
According to the passage, why was Niagara Park created?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. To force Canada to open Queen Victoria Park
b. To encourage tourists to visit Niagara Falls
c. To show off the natural beauty of Niagara Falls
d. To protect the area around Niagara Falls (Đúng)
5. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been
a popular tourist destination. Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute
Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River
in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S. side
of the river in the state of New York. Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over
the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls.
Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take
a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view. It is
also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the
Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation
towers which have heights up to 500 feet.
Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual
visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year. Because of concern that all
these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the
state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land
surrounding American Falls. A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the
Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls. With the area surrounding the falls
under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve
the pristine beauty of the area.
The word “jurisdiction" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. control (Đúng)
b. view
c. taxation
d. assistance
6. Read the text and choose the best answer.
5
The hunter-gatherer lifestyle indicates that women should exercise only a little less
intensely than men, says De Vany. 'Women are opportunistic hunters who go after small
game when they come across it. They also climb trees to capture honey and snare birds.
And have you ever seen how much work it is to dig out a deep tuber?' Women benefit
enormously from strength work, he says. It increases their bone density and they get and
stay leaner by building muscle mass. 'Today's women are so weak [compared with their
female ancestors].'
Of course, people vary. De Vany acknowledges that our ancestors were adapted to a
variety of terrains and climates. Cordain points out that genetic differences between
populations lead to different physical strengths. East Africans, for example, seem to be
better endurance runners, West Africans better sprinters. But human genetic similarity
greatly outweighs the variations. And because our genes have changed so very little since
Palaeolithic times, if you want to be a lean, mean, survival machine why not try exercising
like a caveman?
Geographical features have played a role inhumanphysical development.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. TRUE (Đúng)
b. FALSE
c. NOT GIVEN
7. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been
a popular tourist destination. Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute
Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River
in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S. side
of the river in the state of New York. Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over
the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls.
Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take
a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view. It is
also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the
Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation
towers which have heights up to 500 feet.
Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual
visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year. Because of concern that all
these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the
state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land
surrounding American Falls. A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the
Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls. With the area surrounding the falls
under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve
the pristine beauty of the area.
6
The passage implies that tourists prefer to
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. see the falls from a great distance
b. come to Niagara Falls for a winter vacation
c. visit Niagara Falls during warmer weather (Đúng)
d. take a ride over the falls
8. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been
a popular tourist destination. Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute
Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River
in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S. side
of the river in the state of New York. Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over
the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls.
Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take
a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view. It is
also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the
Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation
towers which have heights up to 500 feet.
Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual
visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year. Because of concern that all
these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the
state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land
surrounding American Falls. A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the
Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls. With the area surrounding the falls
under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve
the pristine beauty of the area.
The word "flock” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. come by plane
b. come out of boredom
c. come without knowing what they will see
d. come in large numbers (Đúng)
9. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been
a popular tourist destination. Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute
Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River
7
in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S. side
of the river in the state of New York. Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over
the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls.
Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take
a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view. It is
also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the
Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation
towers which have heights up to 500 feet.
Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual
visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year. Because of concern that all
these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the
state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land
surrounding American Falls. A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the
Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls. With the area surrounding the falls
under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve
the pristine beauty of the area.
What is the major point that the author is making in this passage?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. A trip to the United States isn't complete without a visit to Niagara Falls.
b. Niagara Falls can be viewed from either the American side or the Canadian side.
c. It has been necessary to protect Niagara Falls from the many tourists who go there
(Đúng)
d. Niagara Falls has had an interesting history.
10. Read the text and choose the best answer.
The hunter-gatherer lifestyle indicates that women should exercise only a little less
intensely than men, says De Vany. 'Women are opportunistic hunters who go after small
game when they come across it. They also climb trees to capture honey and snare birds.
And have you ever seen how much work it is to dig out a deep tuber?' Women benefit
enormously from strength work, he says. It increases their bone density and they get and
stay leaner by building muscle mass. 'Today's women are so weak [compared with their
female ancestors].'
Of course, people vary. De Vany acknowledges that our ancestors were adapted to a
variety of terrains and climates. Cordain points out that genetic differences between
populations lead to different physical strengths. East Africans, for example, seem to be
better endurance runners, West Africans better sprinters. But human genetic similarity
greatly outweighs the variations. And because our genes have changed so very little since
Palaeolithic times, if you want to be a lean, mean, survival machine why not try exercising
like a caveman?
8
The importance of genetic differences in deciding on an exercise programme is
minimal.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. FALSE
b. NOT GIVEN
c. TRUE (Đúng)
11. Read the text and choose the best answer.
There is a common expression in English language referring to a blue moon. When
people say that something happens "only once in blue moon,” they mean that it happens
only very rarely, once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a
century and a half; there are references to this expression that date from the second half of
the nineteenth century.
The expression " a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in
any given calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is
particularly blue or is any different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead, it
is called a blue moon because it is so rare- The moon needs a little more than 29 days to
complete the cycle from full moon to full moon. Because every month except Febmary has
more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which
will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another
full moon at the very beginning of March). It is or the occasion when a given calendar
month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often,
only three or four times in a decade.
The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because
of their color however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in
reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain
natural phenomena of gigantic proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon
from Earth. The eruption of the Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the
atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint. This particular
occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today.
Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the
Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint.
Which of the following might be the date of a “blue moon"?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. April 15
b. December 31 (Đúng)
c. February 28
d. January 1
9
12. Read the text and choose the best answer.
De Vany views the body as non-linear and dynamic and says exercise should mix order
and chaos. 'Chronic aerobic exercise overstrains the heart, reducing the chaotic variation
in the heart rate which is essential to health,' he says. Likewise, most weight training is
governed too much by routine and is too timeconsuming. He gives his own workout a
chaotic character with ascending weights and descending repetitions. To these brief but
intense gym workouts he adds a wide variety of other activities that vary randomly in
intensity and duration. These include roller blading, bicycling, walking, sprinting, tennis,
basketball, power walking, hitting softballs and trekking with a grandson on his shoulders.
Which type of exercise does De Vany practise on a regular basis?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. aerobic exercise
b. weight training (Đúng)
c. trekking
d. hitting softballs
13. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and
10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both. For men, this would
have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns,
perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill. Women may not have
had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of
water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children. If modern hunter-gatherers are
anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15
kilometres or more on each trip. Women may have gathered food every two or three days.
There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such
as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing.
Our ancestors must have evolved cardiovascular, metabolic and thermoregulatory
systems capable of sustaining high-level aerobic exertion under the hot African sun,
according to Loren Cordain of the Human Performance Laboratory at Colorado State
University. And given that the Palaeolithic era ended only an evolutionary blink of an eye
ago, we ignore its legacy at our peril. Cordain and his colleagues point out that in today's
developed societies, inactivity is associated with disease. Contemporary hunter- gatherer
societies rarely experience these modern killers, they say.
This is where De Vany's exercise ideas come in. 'The primary objectives for any exercise
and diet programme must be to counter hyper-insulinaemia (chronically elevated insulin)
and hypoexertion (wasting of the body's lean mass through inactivity),' he writes in his
forthcoming book about evolutionary exercise. Exercise and diet are linked. For example,
says De Vany, our appetite control mechanisms work best when our activity mimics that
of our ancestors. But he feels that most modern exercise regimes are not hitting the mark.
10
Cordain compares modern hunter-gatherer societies to Paleolithic societies in
terms of their…..
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. resistance to certain fatal illnesses (Đúng)
b. ability to withstand high temperatures
c. healthy mix of work and leisure activities
d. refusal to change their way of life
14. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Art De Vany is 62, but physical fitness tests three years ago showed he had the body of
a 32-year-old. Although De Vany is sceptical of such assessments, he knows he's in good
shape. His former career as a professional baseball player may have something to do with
it, but he attributes his physical prowess to an, exercise regime inspired by the lifestyles of
our Palaeolithic ancestors.
What do you learn about Art De Vany in the paragraph?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. He believes he has inherited a strong body.
b. He frequently tests his health.
c. He works as a professional sports player.
d. He is older than he appears to be (Đúng).
15. Read the text and choose the best answer.
De Vany views the body as non-linear and dynamic and says exercise should mix order
and chaos. 'Chronic aerobic exercise overstrains the heart, reducing the chaotic variation
in the heart rate which is essential to health,' he says. Likewise, most weight training is
governed too much by routine and is too timeconsuming. He gives his own workout a
chaotic character with ascending weights and descending repetitions. To these brief but
intense gym workouts he adds a wide variety of other activities that vary randomly in
intensity and duration. These include roller blading, bicycling, walking, sprinting, tennis,
basketball, power walking, hitting softballs and trekking with a grandson on his shoulders.
Which TWO opposing factors does De Vany say an exercise programmeshould
include?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. intensity and duration
b. order and chaos (Đúng)
c. non-linear and dynamic
11
d. ascending weights and descending repetitions
16. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been
a popular tourist destination. Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute
Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River
in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S. side
of the river in the state of New York. Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over
the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls.
Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take
a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view. It is
also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the
Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation
towers which have heights up to 500 feet.
Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual
visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year. Because of concern that all
these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the
state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land
surrounding American Falls. A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the
Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls. With the area surrounding the falls
under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve
the pristine beauty of the area.
The passage implies that tourists prefer to
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. take a ride over the falls
b. visit Niagara Falls during warmer weather (Đúng)
c. see the falls from a great distance
d. come to Niagara Falls for a winter vacation
17. Read the text and choose the best answer.
He also argues that most people do not train the right muscles for that ultimately
attractive - and adaptive - quality of symmetry. 'Symmetry is a reliable evolutionary clue
to health,' he says. 'Tumours and pathologies produce gross asymmetries, and our love of
symmetry reflects the reproductive success of our ancestors, who were sensitive to these
clues.' He strives for the X-look - a symmetrical balance of mass in the shoulder girdle,
upper chest and back, the calves and lower quads, two of the four large muscles at the front
of the thighs. This also makes men look taller, he adds, 'another reliable evolutionary clue
that women use to find good genes'.
The hunter-gatherer lifestyle indicates that women should exercise only a little less
intensely than men, says De Vany. 'Women are opportunistic hunters who go after small
12
game when they come across it. They also climb trees to capture honey and snare birds.
And have you ever seen how much work it is to dig out a deep tuber?' Women benefit
enormously from strength work, he says. It increases their bone density and they get and
stay leaner by building muscle mass. 'Today's women are so weak [compared with their
female ancestors].'
Female exercise programmes should vary according to the shape of the individual.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. TRUE
b. FALSE
c. NOT GIVEN (Đúng)
18. Read the text and choose the best answer.
There is a common expression in English language referring to a blue moon. When
people say that something happens "only once in blue moon,” they mean that it happens
only very rarely, once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a
century and a half; there are references to this expression that date from the second half of
the nineteenth century.
The expression " a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in
any given calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is
particularly blue or is any different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead, it
is called a blue moon because it is so rare- The moon needs a little more than 29 days to
complete the cycle from full moon to full moon. Because every month except Febmary has
more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which
will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another
full moon at the very beginning of March). It is or the occasion when a given calendar
month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often,
only three or four times in a decade.
The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because
of their colon however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in
reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain
natural phenomena of gigantic proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon
from Earth. The eruption of the Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the
atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint. This particular
occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today.
Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the
Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint.
The word “hue" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. color (đúng)
13
b. size
c. shape
d. date
19. Read the text and choose the best answer.
CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information
Luggage
We ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small
holdall can also be taken on board the coach.
Seat Allocation
Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since
allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable. When
bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach
at that time.
Travel Documents
When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and
labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date. Certain
documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or
courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point.
Special Diets
If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of
the diet. This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain
coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within
the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets. Any extra
costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.
Accommodation
Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private
facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page. Other coach breaks have a
limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be
reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking the supplementary charge shown in the
price panel will be added to your account.
On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms. When a single
room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on
the brochure page.
Entertainment
Some of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music,
dancing, film shows, etc. The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the
14
discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a
lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel.
Your air tickets……
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. will be enclosed with other documents.
b. must be collected before leaving
c. will be sent to your departure point.
d. may be held by your coach driver. (Đúng)
20. Read the text and complete the sentence below.
COURSE GUIDELINES
Assignments
Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped
by human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a
report. This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today. If you opt to
produce an artefact, (e.g. a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected
to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it.
You need to follow these steps:
•Find out precisely what is expected of you. Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus
document.
•Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate.
•Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much
time you can seriously devote to it.
A working model must be accompanied by………of some sort.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. production
b. study
c. investigation
d. written explanation (Đúng)
21. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been
a popular tourist destination. Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute
Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River
in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S. side
15
of the river in the state of New York. Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over
the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls.
Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take
a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view. It is
also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the
Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation
towers which have heights up to 500 feet.
Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual
visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year. Because of concern that all
these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the
state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land
surrounding American Falls. A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the
Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls. With the area surrounding the falls
under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve
the pristine beauty of the area.
The expression “right up” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. follow correct procedures
b. turn to the right
c. all the way up (Đúng)
d. travel upstream
22. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been
a popular tourist destination. Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute
Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River
in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S. side
of the river in the state of New York. Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over
the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls.
Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take
a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view. It is
also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the
Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation
towers which have heights up to 500 feet.
Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual
visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year. Because of concern that all
these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the
state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land
surrounding American Falls. A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the
16
Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls. With the area surrounding the falls
under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve
the pristine beauty of the area.
According to the passage, which of the following best describes Niagara Falls?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Although the Niagara River flows through the United States and Canada, the falls are
only in the United States.
b. The Niagara River has two falls, one in Canada and one in the United States (Đúng)
c. Niagara Falls consists of two rivers, one Canadian and the other American
d. American Falls is considerably higher than Horseshoe Falls
23. Read the text and complete the sentence below.
COURSE GUIDELINES
Assignments
Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped
by human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a
report. This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today. If you opt to
produce an artefact, (e.g. a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected
to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it.
You need to follow these steps:
•Find out precisely what is expected of you. Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus
document.
•Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate.
•Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much
time you can seriously devote to it.
Choosing a topic
Remember that this course is essentially concerned with the achievement of desired
ends. So first identify a real-life problem, then consider it in detail, specify a precise need
and then define your design task. As you plan, wherever possible, consider using new
materials, techniques and technology such as computer-aided design (CAD).
There is nothing wrong with talking to knowledgeable people about your project; in fact,
this shows initiative. However, the project is yours so you must do the work yourself.
You will need a fairly flexible plan because sometimes resources, apparatus and
consumables may not be available when you need them. It is a good idea to work
backwards when planning so you know you will meet your final deadline. Finally, when
you plan the various stages of your project give due regard to safety and costs.
17
To avoid handing the assignment in late, it is suggested that students…………
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. write the outline
b. work plan backwards (Đúng)
c. take advantage of IT
d. ask for a help from the tutor
24. Read the text and choose the best answer.
This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts
to understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this
knowledge to improve our health and fitness. Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle
of our hunter-gatherer ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome
is still adapted to an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods of activity
and long stretches of inertia.
Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and
10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both. For men, this would
have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns,
perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill. Women may not have
had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of
water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children. If modern hunter-gatherers are
anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15
kilometres or more on each trip. Women may have gathered food every two or three days.
There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such
as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing.
Which one of the following does the writer highlight when discussing the lifestyle
of our Palaeolithic ancestors
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. the predictable frequency of physical activity (Đúng)
b. the fact that life was equally energetic for both sexes
c. the long distances between neighbours’ homes
d. their size compared to that of modern man
25. Read the text and choose the best answer.
There is a common expression in English language referring to a blue moon. When
people say that something happens "only once in blue moon,” they mean that it happens
only very rarely, once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a
century and a half; there are references to this expression that date from the second half of
the nineteenth century.
18
The expression " a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in
any given calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is
particularly blue or is any different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead, it
is called a blue moon because it is so rare- The moon needs a little more than 29 days to
complete the cycle from full moon to full moon. Because every month except Febmary has
more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which
will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another
full moon at the very beginning of March). It is or the occasion when a given calendar
month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often,
only three or four times in a decade.
The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because
of their color however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in
reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain
natural phenomena of gigantic proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon
from Earth. The eruption of the Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the
atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint. This particular
occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today.
Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the
Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint.
How many blue moons would there most likely be in a century?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. 4
b. 35 (Đúng)
c. 70
d. 100
26. Read the text and choose the best answer.
CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information
Luggage
We ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small
holdall can also be taken on board the coach.
Seat Allocation
Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since
allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable. When
bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach
at that time.
Travel Documents
19
When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and
labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date. Certain
documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or
courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point.
Special Diets
If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of
the diet. This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain
coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within
the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets. Any extra
costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.
Accommodation
Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private
facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page. Other coach breaks have a
limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be
reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking the supplementary charge shown in the
price panel will be added to your account.
On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms. When a single
room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on
the brochure page.
Entertainment
Some of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music,
dancing, film shows, etc. The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the
discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a
lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel.
If you want to sit at the front of the coach…….
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. avoid travelling at peak times.
b. arrive early on the departure date
c. ask when you get on the coach.
d. book your seat well in advance (Đúng)
27. Read the text and choose the best answer.
De Vany's advice to the modern exercise freak is to cut duration and frequency, and
increase intensity. 'Our muscle fibre composition reveals that we are adapted to extreme
intensity of effort,' says De Vany, a professor of economics at the Institute of Mathematical
Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, Irvine. His approach to fitness
combines Darwinian thinking with his interest in chaos theory and complex systems.
20
This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts
to understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this
knowledge to improve our health and fitness. Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle
of our hunter-gatherer ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome
is still adapted to an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods of activity
and long stretches of inertia.
What term does De Vany use to describe his approach to physicalexercise?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. health and fitness
b. ancient rhythm
c. evolutionary fitness (Đúng)
d. growing efforts
28. Read the text and choose the best answer.
De Vany views the body as non-linear and dynamic and says exercise should mix order
and chaos. 'Chronic aerobic exercise overstrains the heart, reducing the chaotic variation
in the heart rate which is essential to health,' he says. Likewise, most weight training is
governed too much by routine and is too timeconsuming. He gives his own workout a
chaotic character with ascending weights and descending repetitions. To these brief but
intense gym workouts he adds a wide variety of other activities that vary randomly in
intensity and duration. These include roller blading, bicycling, walking, sprinting, tennis,
basketball, power walking, hitting softballs and trekking with a grandson on his shoulders.
Which type of activity does de Vany criticise as being harmful?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. walking
b. aerobic exercise (Đúng)
c. hitting softballs
d. trekking
29. Read the text and complete the sentence below.
COURSE GUIDELINES
Assignments
Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped
by human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a
report. This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today. If you opt to
produce an artefact, (e.g. a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected
to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it.
21
You need to follow these steps:
•Find out precisely what is expected of you. Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus
document.
•Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate.
•Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much
time you can seriously devote to it.
Choosing a topic
Remember that this course is essentially concerned with the achievement of desired
ends. So first identify a real-life problem, then consider it in detail, specify a precise need
and then define your design task. As you plan, wherever possible, consider using new
materials, techniques and technology such as computer-aided design (CAD).
There is nothing wrong with talking to knowledgeable people about your project; in fact,
this shows initiative. However, the project is yours so you must do the work yourself.
You will need a fairly flexible plan because sometimes resources, apparatus and
consumables may not be available when you need them. It is a good idea to work
backwards when planning so you know you will meet your final deadline. Finally, when
you plan the various stages of your project give due regard to safety and costs.
Topics must be based on……………
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. computer-aided design
b. technology
c. safety and costs
d. a real-life problem (Đúng)
30. Read the text and choose the best answer.
This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts
to understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this
knowledge to improve our health and fitness. Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle
of our hunter-gatherer ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome
is still adapted to an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods of activity
and long stretches of inertia.
Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and
10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both. For men, this would
have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns,
perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill. Women may not have
had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of
water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children. If modern hunter-gatherers are
22
anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15
kilometres or more on each trip. Women may have gathered food every two or three days.
There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such
as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing.
Our Palaeolithic ancestors were constantly active.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. NOT GIVEN
b. TRUE
c. FALSE (Đúng)
31. Read the text and complete the sentence below.
COURSE GUIDELINES
Assignments
Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped
by human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a
report. This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today. If you opt to
produce an artefact, (e.g. a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected
to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it.
There are………types of assignment to choose from.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. 3
b. 4
c. 2 (Đúng)
d. 1
32. Read the text and choose the best answer.
This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts
to understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this
knowledge to improve our health and fitness. Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle
of our hunter-gatherer ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome
is still adapted to an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods of activity
and long stretches of inertia.
Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and
10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both. For men, this
would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and
turns, perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill. Women may not
have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources
23
of water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children. If modern hunter-gatherers are
anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15
kilometres or more on each trip. Women may have gathered food every two or three days.
There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such
as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing.
Which one of the following does the writer highlight when discussing the lifestyle
of our Palaeolithic ancestors?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. the fact that life was equally energetic for both sexes
b. the aggressive nature of their negotiations with others
c. the difficulties involved in finding food (Đúng)
d. their size compared to that of modem man
24
LUYỆN TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM 2
1. Read the text and choose the most suitable heading.
It took only one night, spent in a sealed room at the Dunn Unit to disabuse one of their
patients of the beliefs of a lifetime: her metabolism was fast, not slow. By sealing the room
and measuring the exact amount of oxygen she used, researchers were able to show her
that her metabolism was not the culprit. It wasn't the answer she expected and probably not
the one she wanted but she took the news philosophically.
What is the the most suitable heading for the paragraph?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. A very uncommon complaint
b. Lifestyle change required despite new findings
c. Proof of the truth (Đúng)
d. Hidden dangers
2. Read the text and choose the best answer.
To appreciate this unusual outback I monument and to meet the people whose
livelihoods depend on it, I spent part of an Australian autumn travelling the wire. It’s
known by different names in different states: the Dog Fence in South Australia, the Border
Fence in New South Wales and the Barrier Fence in Queensland. I would call it simply the
Fence.
For most of its prodigious length, this epic fence winds like a river across a landscape
that, unless a big rain has fallen, scarcely has rivers. The eccentric route, prescribed mostly
by property lines, provides a sampler of outback topography: the Fence goes over; sand
dunes, past salt lakes, up and down rock-strewn hills, through dense scrub and across
barren plains.
How does the author feel about the fence?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. delighted
b. shocked
c. annoyed
d. impressed (Đúng)
3. Read the text and choose the best answer.
CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information
Luggage
25
We ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small
holdall can also be taken on board the coach.
Seat Allocation
Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since
allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable. When
bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach
at that time.
Travel Documents
When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and
labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date. Certain
documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or
courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point.
Special Diets
If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of
the diet. This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain
coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within
the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets. Any extra
costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.
Accommodation
Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private
facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page. Other coach breaks have a
limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be
reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking
the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account.
On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms. When a single
room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on
the brochure page.
Entertainment
Some of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music,
dancing, film shows, etc. The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the
discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a
lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel.
It may be necessary to pay extra for……..
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. additional luggage
b. entertainment.
26
c. boat tickets.
d. a bathroom. (Đúng)
4. Read the text and choose the the most suitable heading.
It has long been known that a part of the brain called the hypothalamus is responsible
for regulating hunger, among other things. But it wasn't until 1994 that Professor Jeffery
Friedman from Rockerfeller University in the US sent science in a new direction by
studying an obese mouse. Prof. Friedman found that unlike its thin brothers, the fat mouse
did not produce a hitherto unknown hormone called leptin. Manufactured by the fat cells,
leptin acts as a messenger, sending signals to the hypothalamus to turn off the appetite.
Previously, the fat cells were thought to be responsible simply for storing fat. Prof.
Friedman gave the fat mouse leptin and it lost 30% of its body weight in two weeks.
What is the the most suitable heading for the paragraph?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Lifestyle change required despite new findings
b. A very uncommon complaint
c. Nature or nurture
d. Rodent research leads the way (Đúng)
5. Read the text and choose the most suitable heading.
Although the metabolism myth has been completely disproved, science has far from
discounted our genes as responsible for making us whatever weight we are, fat or thin. One
of the world's leading obesity researchers, geneticist Professor Stephen O'Rahilly, goes so
far as to say we are on the threshold of a complete change in the way we view not only
morbid obesity, but also everyday overweight. Prof. O'Rahilly's groundbreaking work in
Cambridge has proven that obesity can be caused by our genes. 'These people are not weakwilled, slothful or lazy,' says Prof. O'Rahilly, 'They have a medical condition due to a
genetic defect and that causes them to be obese.'
What is the the most suitable heading for the paragraph?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. A very uncommon complaint
b. Hidden dangers
c. New perspective on the horizon (Đúng)
d. Lifestyle change required despite new findings
6. Read the text and choose the best answer.
The aim of such research is not, however, to encourage the use of gas masks when
unloading the washing. Instead, it is to bring a sense of perspective to the debate about
27
pollution. According to Dr Corsi, disproportionate effort is wasted campaigning against
certain forms of outdoor pollution, when there is as much or more cause for concern
indoors, right under people’s noses.
As a result of their experiments, Dr Corsi’s team found that ………
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. dishwashers are very efficient machines.
b. indoor pollution rivals outdoor pollution (Đúng)
c. gas masks are a useful protective device.
d. tap water is as polluted as bottled water.
7. Read the text and choose the best answer.
While events such as the deforestation of the Amazon jungle or the nuclear disaster in
Chernobyl continue to receive high media exposure, as do acts of environmental sabotage,
it must be remembered that not all pollution is on this grand scale. A large proportion of
the world’s pollution has its source much closer to home. The recent spillage of crude oil
from an oil tanker accidentally discharging its cargo straight into Sydney Harbour not only
caused serious damage to the harbour foreshores but also created severely toxic fumes
which hung over the suburbs for days and left the angry residents wondering how such a
disaster could have been allowed to happen.
The Sydney Harbour oil spill was the result of a…..
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. ship refuelling in the harbour.
b. tanker pumping oil into the sea. (Đúng)
c. deliberate act of sabotage.
d. collision between two oil tankers
8. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Since the early eighties we have been only too aware of the devastating effects of largescale environmental pollution. Such pollution is generally the result of poor government
planning in many developing nations or the short-sighted, selfish policies of the already
industrialised countries which encourage a minority of the world’s population to squander
the majority of its natural resources.
In the paragraph, the writer argues that pollution…..
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. results from poor relations between nations.
b. is caused by human self-interest. (Đúng)
28
c. is at its worst in industrialised countries.
d. has increased since the eighties
9. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Seldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical
fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the alone. As the
clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the
open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt’s most inviting target. And there is damage to
property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million
a year.
But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in
laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms,
and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they
will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can
strike.
The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In
the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up
an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The
technique survives to this day at a test site in run by the of , with support from the Electrical
Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in . EPRI, which is funded by power companies,
is looking at ways to protect the ’ power grid from lightning strikes. ‘We can cause the
lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets,’ says Ralph Bernstein, manager of
lightning projects at EPRI. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning
voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up.
EPRI receives financial support from
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. power companies (Đúng)
b. Japan
c. the University of Florida
d. the United States
10. Read the text and choose the most suitable heading.
Obesity is a huge problem in many Western countries and one which now attracts
considerable medical interest as researchers take up the challenge to find a 'cure' for the
common condition of being seriously overweight. However, rather than take responsibility
for their weight, obese people have often sought solace in the excuse that they have a slow
metabolism, a genetic hiccup which sentences more than half the Australian population
(63% of men and 47% of women) to a life of battling with their weight. The argument goes
like this: it doesn't matter how little they eat, they gain weight because their bodies break
29
down food and turn it into energy more slowly than those with a so-called normal metabolic
rate.
What is the the most suitable heading for the paragraph?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. A very uncommon complaint
b. Hidden dangers
c. Lifestyle change required despite new findings
d. Shifting the blame (Đúng)
11. Read the text and choose the best answer.
The Fence is Australia’s version of the Great Wall of China, but even longer, erected to
keep out hostile invaders, in this case hordes of yellow dogs. The empire it preserves is
that of the woolgrowers, sovereigns of the world’s second largest sheep flock, after China’s
- some 123 million head - and keepers of a wool export business worth four billion dollars.
Never mind that more and more people - conservationists, politicians, taxpayers and animal
lovers - say that such a barrier would never be allowed today on ecological grounds. With
sections of it almost a hundred years old, the dog fence has become, as conservationist
Lindsay Fair weather ruefully admits, ‘an icon of Australian frontier ingenuity’.
To appreciate this unusual outback I monument and to meet the people whose
livelihoods depend on it, I spent part of an Australian autumn travelling the wire. It’s
known by different names in different states: the Dog Fence in South Australia, the Border
Fence in New South Wales and the Barrier Fence in Queensland. I would call it simply the
Fence.
Why did the author visit Australia?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. to study Australian farming methods
b. because he wanted to learn more about the wool industry
c. because he was interested in life around the fence (Đúng)
d. to investigate how the fence was constructed
12. Read the text and choose the best answer.
A stumbling block
However, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no nifty portable: it’s a monster
that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around
the size of a small table is in the offing. He plans to test this more manageable system on
live thunderclouds next summer.
30
Bernstein says that Diels’s system is attracting lots of interest from the power
companies. But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be
needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper. ‘I
cannot say I have money yet, but I’m working on it,’ says Bernstein. He reckons that the
forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he’s hoping for good news. Bernstein
predicts ‘an avalanche of interest and support’ if all goes well. He expects to see cloudzappers eventually costing $50,000 to $100,000 each.
Other scientists could also benefit. With a lightning ‘switch’ at their fingertips, materials
scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter. Diels also hopes
to see the birth of ‘interactive meteorology’ - not just forecasting the weather but
controlling it. ‘If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather,’ he says.
And perhaps, says Diels, we’ll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces.
‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning,’ he says. Thunder, the shock wave
that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is
typical of storms. A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps
preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops. With luck, as the storm
clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.
Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. TRUE (Đúng)
b. NOT GIVEN
c. FALSE
13. Read the text and choose the most suitable heading.
In Australia, the University of Sydney's Professor Ian Caterson says while major genetic
defects may be rare, many people probably have minor genetic variations that combine to
dictate weight and are responsible for things such as how much we eat, the amount of
exercise we do and the amount of energy we need. When you add up all these little
variations, the result is that some people are genetically predisposed to putting on weight.
He says while the fast/slow metabolism debate may have been settled, that doesn't mean
some other subtle change in the metabolism gene won't be found in overweight people. He
is confident that science will, eventually, be able to 'cure' some forms of obesity but the
only effective way for the vast majority of overweight and obese people to lose weight is
a change of diet and an increase in exercise.
What is the the most suitable heading for the paragraph?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. A very uncommon complaint
b. Lifestyle change required despite new findings (Đúng)
31
c. Hidden dangers
d. New perspective on the horizon
14. Read the text and choose the best answer.
The latest study, conducted by two environmental engineers, Richard Corsi and Cynthia
Howard-Reed, of the University of Texas in Austin, and published in Environmental
Science and Technology, suggests that it is the process of keeping clean that may be
making indoor pollution worse. The researchers found that baths, showers, dishwashers
and washing machines can all be significant sources of indoor pollution, because they
extract trace amounts of chemicals from the water that they use and transfer them to the
air.
The Corsi research team hypothesised that…..
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. city water contains insufficient chlorine.
b. household appliances are poorly designed.
c. toxic chemicals can pass from air to water.
d. pollution is caused by dishwashers and baths. (Đúng)
15. Read the text and choose the the most suitable heading.
On the other side of the Atlantic, Prof. O'Rahilly read about this research with great
excitement. For many months two blood samples had lain in the bottom of his freezer,
taken from two extremely obese young cousins. He hired a doctor to develop a test for
leptin in human blood, which eventually resulted in the discovery that neither of the
children's blood contained the hormone. When one cousin was given leptin, she lost a stone
in weight and Prof. O'Rahilly made medical history. Here was the first proof that a genetic
defect could cause obesity in humans. But leptin deficiency turned out to be an extremely
rare condition and there is a lot more research to be done before the 'magic' cure for obesity
is ever found.
What is the the most suitable heading for the paragraph?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Lifestyle change required despite new findings
b. Hidden dangers
c. A very uncommon complaint (Đúng)
d. New perspective on the horizon
16. Read the text and choose the best answer.
32
These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention
as bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed
to be extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have
been somewhat inflated.
The killer bee is a hybrid—or combination- of the very mild European strain of
honeybee and the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when
African strain was imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil
because their aggression was considered an advantage: they were far more productive than
their European counterparts in that they spent a higher percentage of their time working
and continued working longer in inclement weather than did the European bees.
These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities
have occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is
actually not at all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks
have a chemical cause. A killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not
aggressive by nature. However, after a disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its
stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached to the embedded stinger is the
chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees. As other bees
approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing other
bees and causing them to sting. The new sting create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate,
which attracts more bees and increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to
travel in large cluster or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of
isoamyl acetate.
The pronoun "They" in paragraph 3 refers to
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. humans and animals
b. killer bees
c. fatalities
d. experts (Đúng)
17. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Seldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical
fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the alone. As the
clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the
open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt’s most inviting target. And there is damage to
property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million
a year.
But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in
laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms,
and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they
33
will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can
strike.
The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In
the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up
an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The
technique survives to this day at a test site in run by the of , with support from the Electrical
Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in . EPRI, which is funded by power companies,
is looking at ways to protect the ’ power grid from lightning strikes. ‘We can cause the
lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets,’ says Ralph Bernstein, manager of
lightning projects at EPRI. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning
voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up.
According to the text, every year lightning…..
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. damages more than 100 American power companies.
b. kills or injures around 500 people throughout the world.
c. kills or injures mainly golfers in the United States
d. does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms (Đúng)
18. Read the text and choose the best answer.
A stumbling block
However, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no nifty portable: it’s a monster
that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around
the size of a small table is in the offing. He plans to test this more manageable system on
live thunderclouds next summer.
Bernstein says that Diels’s system is attracting lots of interest from the power
companies. But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be
needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper. ‘I
cannot say I have money yet, but I’m working on it,’ says Bernstein. He reckons that the
forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he’s hoping for good news. Bernstein
predicts ‘an avalanche of interest and support’ if all goes well. He expects to see cloudzappers eventually costing $50,000 to $100,000 each.
Other scientists could also benefit. With a lightning ‘switch’ at their fingertips, materials
scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter. Diels also hopes
to see the birth of ‘interactive meteorology’ - not just forecasting the weather but
controlling it. ‘If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather,’ he says.
And perhaps, says Diels, we’ll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces.
‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning,’ he says. Thunder, the shock wave
that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is
typical of storms. A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps
34
preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops. With luck, as the storm
clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.
The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to
its………………..
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. the trigger
b. interactive meteorology
c. money
d. size (Đúng)
19. Read the text and choose the best answer.
To appreciate this unusual outback I monument and to meet the people whose
livelihoods depend on it, I spent part of an Australian autumn travelling the wire. It’s
known by different names in different states: the Dog Fence in South Australia, the Border
Fence in New South Wales and the Barrier Fence in Queensland. I would call it simply the
Fence.
For most of its prodigious length, this epic fence winds like a river across a landscape
that, unless a big rain has fallen, scarcely has rivers. The eccentric route, prescribed mostly
by property lines, provides a sampler of outback topography: the Fence goes over; sand
dunes, past salt lakes, up and down rock-strewn hills, through dense scrub and across
barren plains.
How does the author feel about the fence?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. shocked
b. delighted
c. annoyed
d. impressed (Đúng)
20. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Avoiding pollution can be a fulltime job. Try not to inhale traffic fumes; keep away from
chemical plants and building-sites; wear a mask when cycling. It is enough to make you
want to stay at home. But that, according to a growing body of scientific evidence, would
also be a bad idea. Research shows that levels of pollutants such as hazardous gases,
particulate matter and other chemical ‘nasties’ are usually higher indoors than out, even in
the most polluted cities. Since the average American spends 18 hours indoors for every
hour outside, it looks as though many environmentalists may be attacking the wrong target.
In the paragraph the writer suggests that…….
35
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. people should avoid working in cities.
b. hazardous gases are concentrated in industrial suburbs.
c. Americans spend too little time outdoors.
d. there are several ways to avoid city pollution. (Đúng)
21. Read the text and choose the best answer.
CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information
Luggage
We ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small
holdall can also be taken on board the coach.
Seat Allocation
Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since
allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable. When
bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach
at that time.
Travel Documents
When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and
labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date. Certain
documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or
courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point.
Special Diets
If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of
the diet. This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain
coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within
the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets. Any extra
costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.
Accommodation
Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private
facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page. Other coach breaks have a
limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be
reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking
the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account.
On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms. When a single
room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on
the brochure page.
36
Entertainment
Some of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music,
dancing, film shows, etc. The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the
discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a
lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel.
With every booking Classic Tours guarantee you will be able to……
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. use your own personal bathroom
b. take hand luggage on the coach. (Đúng)
c. see a film if you want to.
d. request high quality meals.
22. Read the text and choose the best answer.
A stumbling block
However, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no nifty portable: it’s a monster
that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around
the size of a small table is in the offing. He plans to test this more manageable system on
live thunderclouds next summer.
Bernstein says that Diels’s system is attracting lots of interest from the power
companies. But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be
needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper. ‘I
cannot say I have money yet, but I’m working on it,’ says Bernstein. He reckons that the
forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he’s hoping for good news. Bernstein
predicts ‘an avalanche of interest and support’ if all goes well. He expects to see cloudzappers eventually costing $50,000 to $100,000 each.
Other scientists could also benefit. With a lightning ‘switch’ at their fingertips, materials
scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter. Diels also hopes
to see the birth of ‘interactive meteorology’ - not just forecasting the weather but
controlling it. ‘If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather,’ he says.
And perhaps, says Diels, we’ll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces.
‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning,’ he says. Thunder, the shock wave
that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is
typical of storms. A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps
preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops. With luck, as the storm
clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.
Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels’s system.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
37
a. FALSE
b. TRUE
c. NOT GIVEN (Đúng)
23. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Seldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical
fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the alone. As the
clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the
open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt’s most inviting target. And there is damage to
property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million
a year.
But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in
laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms,
and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they
will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can
strike.
The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In
the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up
an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The
technique survives to this day at a test site in run by the of , with support from the Electrical
Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in . EPRI, which is funded by power companies,
is looking at ways to protect the ’ power grid from lightning strikes. ‘We can cause the
lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets,’ says Ralph Bernstein, manager of
lightning projects at EPRI. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning
voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up.
Researchers at the University of Florida and at the University of New Mexico…..
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. receive funds from the same source. (Đúng)
b. are in opposition to each other.
c. are using the same techniques.
d. are employed by commercial companies
24. Read the text and choose the best answer.
A war has been going on for almost a hundred years between the sheep farmers of
Australia and the dingo, Australia’s wild dog. To protect their livelihood, the farmers built
a wire fence, 3,307 miles of continuous wire mesh, reaching from the coast of South
Australia all the way to the cotton fields of eastern Queensland, just short of the Pacific
Ocean.
Why was the fence built?
38
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. to act as a boundary between properties
b. to protect the Australian wool industry (Đúng)
c. to stop the dingoes from being slaughtered by farmers
d. to separate the sheep from the cattle
25. Read the text and choose the best answer.
The Fence is Australia’s version of the Great Wall of China, but even longer, erected to
keep out hostile invaders, in this case hordes of yellow dogs. The empire it preserves is
that of the woolgrowers, sovereigns of the world’s second largest sheep flock, after China’s
- some 123 million head - and keepers of a wool export business worth four billion dollars.
Never mind that more and more people - conservationists, politicians, taxpayers and animal
lovers - say that such a barrier would never be allowed today on ecological grounds. With
sections of it almost a hundred years old, the dog fence has become, as conservationist
Lindsay Fair weather ruefully admits, ‘an icon of Australian frontier ingenuity’.
On what point do the conservationists and politicians agree?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. The number of dogs needs to be reduced.
b. The fence poses a threat to the environment (Đúng)
c. Wool exports are vital to the economy.
d. The fence acts as a useful frontier between states.
26. Read the text and choose the best answer.
While events such as the deforestation of the Amazon jungle or the nuclear disaster in
Chernobyl continue to receive high media exposure, as do acts of environmental sabotage,
it must be remembered that not all pollution is on this grand scale. A large proportion of
the world’s pollution has its source much closer to home. The recent spillage of crude oil
from an oil tanker accidentally discharging its cargo straight into Sydney Harbour not only
caused serious damage to the harbour foreshores but also created severely toxic fumes
which hung over the suburbs for days and left the angry residents wondering how such a
disaster could have been allowed to happen.
The Sydney Harbour oil spill was the result of a…..
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. ship refuelling in the harbour.
b. tanker pumping oil into the sea. (Đúng)
c. collision between two oil tankers
39
d. deliberate act of sabotage
27. Read the text and choose the best answer.
CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information
Luggage
We ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small
holdall can also be taken on board the coach.
Seat Allocation
Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since
allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable. When
bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach
at that time.
Travel Documents
When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and
labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date. Certain
documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or
courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point.
Special Diets
If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of
the diet. This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain
coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within
the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets. Any extra
costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.
Accommodation
Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private
facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page. Other coach breaks have a
limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be
reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking
the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account.
On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms. When a single
room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on
the brochure page.
Entertainment
Some of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music,
dancing, film shows, etc. The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the
discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a
lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel.
40
If you need a special diet you should……
If you need a special diet you should
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. pay extra with the booking
b. book tourist class.
c. tell the coach company. (Đúng)
d. inform the hotel when you arrive.
28. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Seldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical
fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the alone. As the
clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the
open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt’s most inviting target. And there is damage to
property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million
a year.
But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in
laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms,
and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they
will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can
strike.
The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In
the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up
an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The
technique survives to this day at a test site in run by the of , with support from the Electrical
Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in . EPRI, which is funded by power companies,
is looking at ways to protect the ’ power grid from lightning strikes. ‘We can cause the
lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets,’ says Ralph Bernstein, manager of
lightning projects at EPRI. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning
voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up.
The main topic discussed in the text is……..
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. a laser technique used in trying to control lightning strikes (Đúng)
b. the effect of lightning on power supplies in the and in .
c. the damage caused to US golf courses and golf playersbylightning strikes.
d. a variety of methods used in trying to control lightning strikes.
41
29. Read the text and choose the best answer.
The implications of indoor pollution for health are unclear. But before worrying about
the problems caused by large-scale industry, it makes sense to consider the small-scale
pollution at home and welcome international debate about this. Scientists investigating
indoor pollution will gather next month in Edinburgh at the Indoor Air conference to
discuss the problem. Perhaps unwisely, the meeting is being held indoors.
Regarding the dangers of pollution, the writer believes that….
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. there is a need for rational discussion (Đúng)
b. industrial pollution causes specific diseases.
c. people should worry most about their work environment.
d. indoor pollution is a recent phenomenon.
30. Read the text and choose the most suitable heading.
'This is nonsense,' says Dr Susan Jebb from the Dunn Nutrition Unit at Cambridge in
England. Despite the persistence of this metabolism myth, science has known for several
years that the exact opposite is in fact true. Fat people have faster metabolisms than thin
people. 'What is very clear,' says Dr Jebb, 'is that overweight people actually burn off more
energy. They have more cells, bigger hearts, bigger lungs and they all need more energy
just to keep going.'
What is the the most suitable heading for the paragraph?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Proof of the truth
b. A very uncommon complaint
c. Expert explains energy requirements of obese people (Đúng)
d. Lifestyle change required despite new findings
31. Read the text and choose the best answer.
CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information
Luggage
We ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small
holdall can also be taken on board the coach.
Seat Allocation
Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since
allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable. When
42
bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach
at that time.
Travel Documents
When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and
labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date. Certain
documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or
courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point.
Special Diets
If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of
the diet. This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain
coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within
the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets. Any extra
costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.
Accommodation
Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private
facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page. Other coach breaks have a
limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be
reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking
the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account.
On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms. When a single
room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on
the brochure page.
Entertainment
Some of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music,
dancing, film shows, etc. The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the
discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a
lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel.
Entertainment is available…….
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. at all hotels.
b. for an additional cost
c. upon request.
d. if there is the demand (Đúng).
43
LUYỆN TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM 3
1. Read the text and choose the best answer.
These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention
as bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed
to be extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have
been somewhat inflated.
The killer bee is a hybrid—or combination- of the very mild European strain of
honeybee and the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when
African strain was imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil
because their aggression was considered an advantage: they were far more productive than
their European counterparts in that they spent a higher percentage of their time working
and continued working longer in inclement weather than did the European bees.
These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities
have occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is
actually not at all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks
have a chemical cause. A killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not
aggressive by nature. However, after a disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its
stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached to the embedded stinger is the
chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees. As other bees
approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing other
bees and causing them to sting. The new sting create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate,
which attracts more bees and increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to
travel in large cluster or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of
isoamyl acetate.
It is stated in the passage that killer bees
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. always attack African bees
b. are more deadly than African bees
c. are less aggressive than African bees (Đúng)
Câu trả lời đúng
d. never attack animals
2. Read the text and choose the best answer.
These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention
as bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed
to be extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have
been somewhat inflated.
44
The killer bee is a hybrid—or combination- of the very mild European strain of
honeybee and the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when
African strain was imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil
because their aggression was considered an advantage: they were far more productive than
their European counterparts in that they spent a higher percentage of their time working
and continued working longer in inclement weather than did the European bees.
These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities
have occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is
actually not at all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks
have a chemical cause. A killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not
aggressive by nature. However, after a disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its
stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached to the embedded stinger is the
chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees. As other bees
approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing other
bees and causing them to sting. The new sting create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate,
which attracts more bees and increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to
travel in large cluster or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of
isoamyl acetate.
The main idea of this passage is that killer bees
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. have been moving unexpectedly rapidly through the Americas
b. are a hybrid rather than a pure breed
c. are not as aggressive as their reputation suggests (Đúng)
d. have been in the news a lot recently
3. Read the text and choose the best answer.
This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts
to understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this
knowledge to improve our health and fitness. Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle
of our hunter-gatherer ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome
is still adapted to an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods of activity
and long stretches of inertia.
Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and
10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both. For men, this
would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and
turns, perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill. Women may not
have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources
of water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children. If modern hunter-gatherers are
anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15
kilometres or more on each trip. Women may have gathered food every two or three days.
45
There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such
as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing.
Which one of the following does the writer highlight when discussing the lifestyle
of our Palaeolithic ancestors
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. the aggressive nature of their negotiations with others
b. the fact that life was equally energetic for both sexes
c. the sudden movements required during their daily activities (đúng)
d. their size compared to that of modern man
4. Read the text and choose the best answer.
These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention
as bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed
to be extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have
been somewhatinflated.
The killer bee is a hybrid—or combination- of the very mild European strain of
honeybee and the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when
African strain was imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil
because their aggression was considered an advantage: they were far more productive than
their European counterparts in that they spent a higher percentage of their time working
and continued working longer in inclement weather than did the European bees.
These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities
have occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is
actually not at all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks
have a chemical cause. A killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not
aggressive by nature. However, after a disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its
stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached to the embedded stinger is the
chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees. As other bees
approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing other
bees and causing them to sting. The new sting create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate,
which attracts more bees and increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to
travel in largeclusteror swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of
isoamyl acetate.
A “hybrid" in paragraph 2 is
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. a relative
b. an enemy
c. a predecessor
46
d. a mixture (Đúng)
5. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Bad behaviour
But while rockets are fine for research, they cannot provide the protection from lightning
strikes that everyone is looking for. The rockets cost around $1,200 each, can only be fired
at a limited frequency and their failure rate is about 40 per cent. And even when they do
trigger lightning, things still do not always go according to plan. ‘Lightning is not perfectly
well behaved,’ says Bernstein. ‘Occasionally, it will take a branch and go someplace it
wasn’t supposed to go.’
And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a populated area? ‘What goes
up must come down,’ points out Jean-Claude Diels of the . Diels is leading a project, which
is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely - and safety is a basic
requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk.
With around $500,000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the
laboratory.
The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were revealing their
ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions. If a laser could generate a line of
ionisation in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, this conducting path could be used to
guide lightning to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down the
air in an uncontrollable surge. To stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed
straight at the clouds. Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from there into the sky.
The mirror would be protected by placing lightning conductors close by. Ideally, the cloudzapper (gun) would be cheap enough to be installed around all key power installations, and
portable enough to be taken to international sporting events to beam up at brewing storm
clouds
Power companies have given Diels enough money to develop his laser.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. TRUE
b. NOT GIVEN
c. FALSE (Đúng)
6. Read the text and choose the most suitable heading..
Despite the $500 million a year Australians spend trying to lose weight and the $830
million it costs the community in health care, obesity is at epidemic proportions here, as it
is in all Western nations. Until recently, research and treatment for obesity had
concentrated on behaviour modification, drugs to decrease appetite and surgery. How the
drugs worked was often not understood and many caused severe side effects and even death
in some patients. Surgery for obesity has also claimed many lives.
What is the the most suitable heading for the paragraph?
47
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. A very uncommon complaint
b. Lifestyle change required despite new findings
c. New perspective on the horizon
d. Hidden dangers (Đúng)
48
LUYỆN TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM 4
1. Read the text and decide that the statement is TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN
When you think about it, it's amazing that anyone gets away with a carefree holiday. It
seems there is limitless potential for things to go wrong, from flight delays and lost luggage
to poor accommodation.
A recent questionnaire showed that a third of people who replied had a complaint about
their holiday last year. And when these unhappy holidaymakers discussed the problem with
their tour company nearly half said it involved time and effort on their part to resolve
things.
When asked exactly what the reasons were for their dissatisfaction top of the list was
flight delays and 20 per cent of holiday-makers to Europe said they had to wait up to an
hour.
More worrying is the fact that almost a third of holiday-makers who had complained
said it was about the apartment or hotel room they had been allocated. There is an enormous
variety of holiday accommodation and we recommend that consumers look for places that
have been inspected by the Tourist Boards; this way they can have the confidence that they
will get the type of accommodation they are looking for. It seems that tour companies now
offer more honest accurate brochures though. Eight-five per cent of holiday-makers who
responded to our questionnaire said the description offered by the company matched the
place they visited and the facilities provided.
This is good news for the industry and for holiday-makers. A holiday is a major purchase
- yet it's one we can't try before we pay. All we have to go on is the brochure and it's a
credit to tour operators that they now contain more detail.
OUR ADVICE
DO be realistic. No one should be palmed off with a poor standard of service, food or
accommodation even if you paid a rock- bottom price for a last- minute break. However,
be reasonable - you won't get a room with the best view in town if you've paid a budget
price.
DO complain to the right person. Moaning to the waiter about a week's worth of
appalling food, then writing an indignant letter when you get back home won't have the
same impact as airing your grievances at the time.
DO get evidence for a serious problem such as having a building site instead of the
promised swimming pool below your window. Take a photo to back up your case.
DON'T write and complain for the sake of it. Letters can be powerful as long as they're
about something you have a good reason to complain about.
DON'T lose your temper. Easier said than done, but you're more likely to get results if
you state your case firmly, explain why you think there's a problem then suggest a
reasonable solution.
49
Hotel staff can advise you on who you should complain to.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. FALSE
b. TRUE
c. NOT GIVEN (Đúng)
2. Read the text and decide that the statement is TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN
When you think about it, it's amazing that anyone gets away with a carefree holiday. It
seems there is limitless potential for things to go wrong, from flight delays and lost luggage
to poor accommodation.
A recent questionnaire showed that a third of people who replied had a complaint about
their holiday last year. And when these unhappy holidaymakers discussed the problem with
their tour company nearly half said it involved time and effort on their part to resolve
things.
When asked exactly what the reasons were for their dissatisfaction top of the list was
flight delays and 20 per cent of holiday-makers to Europe said they had to wait up to an
hour.
More worrying is the fact that almost a third of holiday-makers who had complained
said it was about the apartment or hotel room they had been allocated. There is an enormous
variety of holiday accommodation and we recommend that consumers look for places that
have been inspected by the Tourist Boards; this way they can have the confidence that they
will get the type of accommodation they are looking for. It seems that tour companies now
offer more honest accurate brochures though. Eight-five per cent of holiday-makers who
responded to our questionnaire said the description offered by the company matched the
place they visited and the facilities provided.
This is good news for the industry and for holiday-makers. A holiday is a major purchase
- yet it's one we can't try before we pay. All we have to go on is the brochure and it's a
credit to tour operators that they now contain more detail.
OUR ADVICE
DO be realistic. No one should be palmed off with a poor standard of service, food or
accommodation even if you paid a rock- bottom price for a last- minute break. However,
be reasonable - you won't get a room with the best view in town if you've paid a budget
price.
DO complain to the right person. Moaning to the waiter about a week's worth of
appalling food, then writing an indignant letter when you get back home won't have the
same impact as airing your grievances at the time.
DO get evidence for a serious problem such as having a building site instead of the
promised swimming pool below your window. Take a photo to back up your case.
50
DON'T write and complain for the sake of it. Letters can be powerful as long as they're
about something you have a good reason to complain about.
DON'T lose your temper. Easier said than done, but you're more likely to get results if
you state your case firmly, explain why you think there's a problem then suggest a
reasonable solution.
Solving problems can be hard work for the holiday-maker.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. TRUE (Đúng)
b. NOT GIVEN
c. FALSE
3. Read the text and choose the best answer.
By 870, the Vikings were settling Iceland. In 980, an Icelandic assembly found a man
named Eric “the Red” Ericson guilty of murder and sent him into exile. Eric the Red
responded by sailing to a large island to the west, which he called “Greenland.” An
Icelandic saga mentions that people would be attracted to go to Greenland if it had a
favorable2 name. Around 998, Eric the Red’s son, Leif “the Lucky” Ericson, and a small
Viking fleet sailed west to North America. There they established the first European
settlement in the New World, called “Vinland.”
Vikings from Denmark, meanwhile, ravaged large swaths of England and France. In
866, a Viking “Great Army” landed in England, occupying much of the country’s north
and east. They forced the English king to acknowledge their control of much of England
under the so-called Danelaw. To the west, they conquered coastal portions of Ireland, and
in 841 founded Dublin, today a major Irish city, but originally a Viking fort. The Vikings
remained a major power in Ireland until the early eleventh century.
When was Eric the Red convicted of a crime?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. 998
b. 841
c. 980 (Đúng)
d. 866
4. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Though most children are not diagnosed with dyslexia until they enter the school system,
there are some early signs of the disability. Toddlers who talk much later than average,
have difficulty learning new words, or do not understand the concept of rhyming may
develop other dyslexic symptoms. As children begin school, teachers are trained to look
for warning signs, such as an inability to recognize2 letters or spaces between words on a
51
page or difficulty following instructions given with more than one command at a time.
Properly screening children for dyslexia is important since other factors can limit reading
abilities, including vision or hearing impairment, anxiety, or other neurological problems.
Which of the following is the sign of dyslexia mentioned in the passage?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. inability to give commands
b. difficulty turning the pages of a book
c. leaving big spaces between words
d. trouble with new vocabulary (Đúng)
5. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Vikings from Denmark, meanwhile, ravaged large swaths of England and France. In
866, a Viking “Great Army” landed in England, occupying much of the country’s north
and east. They forced the English king to acknowledge their control of much of England
under the so-called Danelaw. To the west, they conquered coastal portions of Ireland, and
in 841 founded Dublin, today a major Irish city, but originally a Viking fort. The Vikings
remained a major power in Ireland until the early eleventh century.
To the south, the Vikings conquered France, moving swiftly up rivers in long boats,
powered by oar and sail. From 845 to 886, they surged up the Seine to attack Paris three
times. To stop the raids, French King Charles III the Simple in 911 offered the Viking chief
Rollo territories in northwest France, called Normandy, after the Normans or “Northmen.”
There they set up a powerful kingdom and, in 1066, under William, Duke of Normandy,
defeated King Harold at the battle of Hastings in England.
When was a Viking chief granted lands by a king of France?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. 866
b. 845
c. 911 (Đúng) d. 886
6. Read the text and choose the best answer.
The dingo started out as a quiet observer,’ writes Roland Breckwoldt, in A Very Elegant
Animal: The Dingo, ‘but soon came to represent everything that was dark and dangerous
on the continent.’ It is estimated that since sheep arrived in Australia, dingo numbers have
increased a hundredfold. Though dingoes have been eradicated from parts of Australia, an
educated guess puts the population at more than a million.
52
Eventually government officials and graziers agreed that one well-maintained fence,
placed on the outer rim of sheep country and paid for by taxes levied on woolgrowers,
should supplant the maze of private netting. By 1960, three states joined their barriers to
form a single dog fence.
Dingoes are known to attack humans.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. FALSE
b. TRUE
c. NOT GIVEN (Đúng)
7. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Perhaps best known as fierce warriors, the Vikings were also the most far-ranging of
peoples. In fact, the term Viking, in Old Norse, means “to go on an expedition.” From the
late 700s until the eleventh century, Viking explorers journeyed from their native Norway,
Denmark, and Sweden to many distant lands. They traveled1 as far west as Newfoundland
in present-day Canada, and as far east as Baghdad.
Those from Norway sailed west to the British Isles, and eventually across the Atlantic
Ocean. During their first expedition, in 793, a force of Viking warriors sacked the famed
abbey at Lindisfarne, on England’s northeast coast. In the 800s, groups of raiders went on
to occupy the Shetland Islands, north of the British Isles and west of Norway, and the
Orkney Islands off northern Scotland.
When did Viking warriors raid an abbey on the coast of England?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. 800
b. 793 (Đúng)
c. 700
d. 600
8. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Vikings from Denmark, meanwhile, ravaged large swaths of England and France. In
866, a Viking “Great Army” landed in England, occupying much of the country’s north
and east. They forced the English king to acknowledge their control of much of England
under the so-called Danelaw. To the west, they conquered coastal portions of Ireland, and
in 841 founded Dublin, today a major Irish city, but originally a Viking fort. The Vikings
remained a major power in Ireland until the early eleventh century.
To the south, the Vikings conquered France, moving swiftly up rivers in long boats,
powered by oar and sail. From 845 to 886, they surged up the Seine to attack Paris three
times. To stop the raids, French King Charles III the Simple in 911 offered the Viking chief
53
Rollo territories in northwest France, called Normandy, after the Normans or “Northmen.”
There they set up a powerful kingdom and, in 1066, under William, Duke of Normandy,
defeated King Harold at the battle of Hastings in England.
When did Viking warriors defeat an English king?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. 845
b. 866
c. 1066 (Đúng)
d. 886
9. Read the text and decide that the statement is TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN
When you think about it, it's amazing that anyone gets away with a carefree holiday. It
seems there is limitless potential for things to go wrong, from flight delays and lost luggage
to poor accommodation.
A recent questionnaire showed that a third of people who replied had a complaint about
their holiday last year. And when these unhappy holidaymakers discussed the problem with
their tour company nearly half said it involved time and effort on their part to resolve
things.
When asked exactly what the reasons were for their dissatisfaction top of the list was
flight delays and 20 per cent of holiday-makers to Europe said they had to wait up to an
hour.
More worrying is the fact that almost a third of holiday-makers who had complained
said it was about the apartment or hotel room they had been allocated. There is an enormous
variety of holiday accommodation and we recommend that consumers look for places that
have been inspected by the Tourist Boards; this way they can have the confidence that they
will get the type of accommodation they are looking for. It seems that tour companies now
offer more honest accurate brochures though. Eight-five per cent of holiday-makers who
responded to our questionnaire said the description offered by the company matched the
place they visited and the facilities provided.
This is good news for the industry and for holiday-makers. A holiday is a major purchase
- yet it's one we can't try before we pay. All we have to go on is the brochure and it's a
credit to tour operators that they now contain more detail.
OUR ADVICE
DO be realistic. No one should be palmed off with a poor standard of service, food or
accommodation even if you paid a rock- bottom price for a last- minute break. However,
be reasonable - you won't get a room with the best view in town if you've paid a budget
price.
54
DO complain to the right person. Moaning to the waiter about a week's worth of
appalling food, then writing an indignant letter when you get back home won't have the
same impact as airing your grievances at the time.
DO get evidence for a serious problem such as having a building site instead of the
promised swimming pool below your window. Take a photo to back up your case.
DON'T write and complain for the sake of it. Letters can be powerful as long as they're
about something you have a good reason to complain about.
DON'T lose your temper. Easier said than done, but you're more likely to get results if
you state your case firmly, explain why you think there's a problem then suggest a
reasonable solution.
Photographs may help to support an argument about a holiday problem.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. NOT GIVEN
b. TRUE (Đúng)
c. FALSE
10. Read the text and decide that the statement is TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN
When you think about it, it's amazing that anyone gets away with a carefree holiday. It
seems there is limitless potential for things to go wrong, from flight delays and lost luggage
to poor accommodation.
A recent questionnaire showed that a third of people who replied had a complaint about
their holiday last year. And when these unhappy holidaymakers discussed the problem with
their tour company nearly half said it involved time and effort on their part to resolve
things.
When asked exactly what the reasons were for their dissatisfaction top of the list was
flight delays and 20 per cent of holiday-makers to Europe said they had to wait up to an
hour.
More worrying is the fact that almost a third of holiday-makers who had complained
said it was about the apartment or hotel room they had been allocated. There is an enormous
variety of holiday accommodation and we recommend that consumers look for places that
have been inspected by the Tourist Boards; this way they can have the confidence that they
will get the type of accommodation they are looking for. It seems that tour companies now
offer more honest accurate brochures though. Eight-five per cent of holiday-makers who
responded to our questionnaire said the description offered by the company matched the
place they visited and the facilities provided.
This is good news for the industry and for holiday-makers. A holiday is a major purchase
- yet it's one we can't try before we pay. All we have to go on is the brochure and it's a
credit to tour operators that they now contain more detail.
55
OUR ADVICE
DO be realistic. No one should be palmed off with a poor standard of service, food or
accommodation even if you paid a rock- bottom price for a last- minute break. However,
be reasonable - you won't get a room with the best view in town if you've paid a budget
price.
DO complain to the right person. Moaning to the waiter about a week's worth of
appalling food, then writing an indignant letter when you get back home won't have the
same impact as airing your grievances at the time.
DO get evidence for a serious problem such as having a building site instead of the
promised swimming pool below your window. Take a photo to back up your case.
DON'T write and complain for the sake of it. Letters can be powerful as long as they're
about something you have a good reason to complain about.
DON'T lose your temper. Easier said than done, but you're more likely to get results if
you state your case firmly, explain why you think there's a problem then suggest a
reasonable solution.
Overall, holiday accommodation poses few problems.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. NOT GIVEN
b. TRUE
c. FALSE (Đúng)
11. Read the text and decide that the statement is TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN
When you think about it, it's amazing that anyone gets away with a carefree holiday. It
seems there is limitless potential for things to go wrong, from flight delays and lost luggage
to poor accommodation.
A recent questionnaire showed that a third of people who replied had a complaint about
their holiday last year. And when these unhappy holidaymakers discussed the problem with
their tour company nearly half said it involved time and effort on their part to resolve
things.
When asked exactly what the reasons were for their dissatisfaction top of the list was
flight delays and 20 per cent of holiday-makers to Europe said they had to wait up to an
hour.
More worrying is the fact that almost a third of holiday-makers who had complained
said it was about the apartment or hotel room they had been allocated. There is an enormous
variety of holiday accommodation and we recommend that consumers look for places that
have been inspected by the Tourist Boards; this way they can have the confidence that they
will get the type of accommodation they are looking for. It seems that tour companies now
offer more honest accurate brochures though. Eight-five per cent of holiday-makers who
56
responded to our questionnaire said the description offered by the company matched the
place they visited and the facilities provided.
This is good news for the industry and for holiday-makers. A holiday is a major purchase
- yet it's one we can't try before we pay. All we have to go on is the brochure and it's a
credit to tour operators that they now contain more detail.
OUR ADVICE
DO be realistic. No one should be palmed off with a poor standard of service, food or
accommodation even if you paid a rock- bottom price for a last- minute break. However,
be reasonable - you won't get a room with the best view in town if you've paid a budget
price.
DO complain to the right person. Moaning to the waiter about a week's worth of
appalling food, then writing an indignant letter when you get back home won't have the
same impact as airing your grievances at the time.
DO get evidence for a serious problem such as having a building site instead of the
promised swimming pool below your window. Take a photo to back up your case.
DON'T write and complain for the sake of it. Letters can be powerful as long as they're
about something you have a good reason to complain about.
DON'T lose your temper. Easier said than done, but you're more likely to get results if
you state your case firmly, explain why you think there's a problem then suggest a
reasonable solution.
A low-cost holiday should still offer some high-quality services.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. TRUE (đúng)
b. FALSE
c. NOT GIVEN
12. Read the text and decide that the statement is TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN
When you think about it, it's amazing that anyone gets away with a carefree holiday. It
seems there is limitless potential for things to go wrong, from flight delays and lost luggage
to poor accommodation.
A recent questionnaire showed that a third of people who replied had a complaint about
their holiday last year. And when these unhappy holidaymakers discussed the problem with
their tour company nearly half said it involved time and effort on their part to resolve
things.
When asked exactly what the reasons were for their dissatisfaction top of the list was
flight delays and 20 per cent of holiday-makers to Europe said they had to wait up to an
hour.
57
More worrying is the fact that almost a third of holiday-makers who had complained
said it was about the apartment or hotel room they had been allocated. There is an enormous
variety of holiday accommodation and we recommend that consumers look for places that
have been inspected by the Tourist Boards; this way they can have the confidence that they
will get the type of accommodation they are looking for. It seems that tour companies now
offer more honest accurate brochures though. Eight-five per cent of holiday-makers who
responded to our questionnaire said the description offered by the company matched the
place they visited and the facilities provided.
This is good news for the industry and for holiday-makers. A holiday is a major purchase
- yet it's one we can't try before we pay. All we have to go on is the brochure and it's a
credit to tour operators that they now contain more detail.
OUR ADVICE
DO be realistic. No one should be palmed off with a poor standard of service, food or
accommodation even if you paid a rock- bottom price for a last- minute break. However,
be reasonable - you won't get a room with the best view in town if you've paid a budget
price.
DO complain to the right person. Moaning to the waiter about a week's worth of
appalling food, then writing an indignant letter when you get back home won't have the
same impact as airing your grievances at the time.
DO get evidence for a serious problem such as having a building site instead of the
promised swimming pool below your window. Take a photo to back up your case.
DON'T write and complain for the sake of it. Letters can be powerful as long as they're
about something you have a good reason to complain about.
DON'T lose your temper. Easier said than done, but you're more likely to get results if
you state your case firmly, explain why you think there's a problem then suggest a
reasonable solution.
If you are not good at writing letters, find someone to help you.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. TRUE
b. NOT GIVEN (đúng)
c. FALSE
13. Read the text and match the car-hire websites to the statement.
Hiring a Car Online
Online car hire promises to be cheap, quick and convenient. But is it? Neil McDougall
revs up his mouse
Cash.com.uk
58
One to consider if you’re going to the States, although, after I'd worked through half the
booking process, it returned an error message without telling me which element of the
procedure needed adjusting. I got there in the end. There is an inspirational section with
detailed directions for some of the great drives of America.
Expeed.org.uk
Book a flight with Expeed and when you continue on to the car-hire section, the software
already knows where you are going and when. However, you seem to be restricted to cities
with airports for your car hire, and additional taxes are presented in travel- agent speak.
Cutprice.com
Is currently offering an aggressive lowest rates guarantee, an extra discount for former
Holtravel clients and a package of free gifts to sweeten the deal. It also commits to no
insurance excess on any of their rentals anywhere.
Hot.org
Straightforward to navigate, with plenty of information on rental requirements and rules
of operation. There are photographs of the types of vehicles available, leaving no doubt
what a 'premium' or 'compact' car is. It took me just seconds to start reserving a car but
then the whole thing ground to a halt and refused all attempts to access the reservation
system.
Assistance is provided with some holiday routes.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Expeed.org.uk
b. Cash.com.uk (Đúng)
c. Cutprice.com
d. Hot.org
14. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Less than three years ago, doom merchants were predicting that the growth in video
games and the rise of the Internet would sound the death knell for children’s literature. But
contrary to popular myth, children are reading more books than ever. A recent survey by
Books Marketing found that children up to the age of 11 read on average for four hours a
week, particularly girls.
Moreover, the children’s book market, which traditionally was seen as a poor cousin to
the more lucrative and successful adult market, has come into its own. Publishing houses
are now making considerable profits on the back of new children’s books and children’s
authors can now command significant advances. ‘Children’s books are going through an
incredibly fertile period,’ says Wendy Cooling, a children’s literature consultant. ‘There’s
a real buzz around them. Book clubs are happening, sales are good, and people are much
more willing to listen to children’s authors.’
59
The main growth area has been the market for eight to fourteen-year-olds, and there is
little doubt that the boom has been fuelled by the bespectacled apprentice, Harry Potter. So
influential has J. K. Rowling’s series of books been that they have helped to make reading
fashionable for pre-teens. ‘Harry made it OK to be seen on a bus reading a book,’ says
Cooling. ‘To a child, that is important.’ The current buzz around the publication of the
fourth Harry Potter beats anything in the world of adult literature.
For which age group have sales of books risen the most?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. 12
b. 8 (Cũng đúng 8-14)
c. 11
d. 14 (Đúng hơn)
15. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Determining the definite cause of dyslexia is a difficult task since studies of the
morphology of the brain are generally conducted in an autopsy. One hypothesis suggests
that dyslexic children suffer from “strabismus,” the tendency of the eyes to focus on two
different points. When reading, for example, one eye focuses on the beginning of the word
and the other focuses on the end. This theory could explain why dyslexics have difficulty
reading. Many dyslexic children read letters and words backwards, often mistaking a b for
a d or reading was instead of saw. These reversals are normal for children under the age of
six, but indicate a problem if they persist beyond the early elementary grades. Neurological
research points to tiny flaws in the dyslexic brain called ectopias and microgyria. These
flaws alter the structure of the cortex, the area of the brain that is responsible for connecting
visual and audio processing. Genetic research, often in the form of twins studies, shows
that dyslexia may be passed on in families.
There is a tendency for dyslexia between twins.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. NOT GIVEN (Đúng)
b. TRUE
c. FALSE
16. Read the text and decide that the statement is TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN
When you think about it, it's amazing that anyone gets away with a carefree holiday. It
seems there is limitless potential for things to go wrong, from flight delays and lost luggage
to poor accommodation.
A recent questionnaire showed that a third of people who replied had a complaint about
their holiday last year. And when these unhappy holidaymakers discussed the problem with
60
their tour company nearly half said it involved time and effort on their part to resolve
things.
When asked exactly what the reasons were for their dissatisfaction top of the list was
flight delays and 20 per cent of holiday-makers to Europe said they had to wait up to an
hour.
More worrying is the fact that almost a third of holiday-makers who had complained
said it was about the apartment or hotel room they had been allocated. There is an enormous
variety of holiday accommodation and we recommend that consumers look for places that
have been inspected by the Tourist Boards; this way they can have the confidence that they
will get the type of accommodation they are looking for. It seems that tour companies now
offer more honest accurate brochures though. Eight-five per cent of holiday-makers who
responded to our questionnaire said the description offered by the company matched the
place they visited and the facilities provided.
This is good news for the industry and for holiday-makers. A holiday is a major purchase
- yet it's one we can't try before we pay. All we have to go on is the brochure and it's a
credit to tour operators that they now contain more detail.
OUR ADVICE
DO be realistic. No one should be palmed off with a poor standard of service, food or
accommodation even if you paid a rock- bottom price for a last- minute break. However,
be reasonable - you won't get a room with the best view in town if you've paid a budget
price.
DO complain to the right person. Moaning to the waiter about a week's worth of
appalling food, then writing an indignant letter when you get back home won't have the
same impact as airing your grievances at the time.
DO get evidence for a serious problem such as having a building site instead of the
promised swimming pool below your window. Take a photo to back up your case.
DON'T write and complain for the sake of it. Letters can be powerful as long as they're
about something you have a good reason to complain about.
DON'T lose your temper. Easier said than done, but you're more likely to get results if
you state your case firmly, explain why you think there's a problem then suggest a
reasonable solution.
Tour companies provide a satisfactory level of information to holiday-makers.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. NOT GIVEN
b. TRUE (Đúng)
c. FALSE
61
17. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Less than three years ago, doom merchants were predicting that the growth in video
games and the rise of the Internet would sound the death knell for children’s literature. But
contrary to popular myth, children are reading more books than ever. A recent survey by
Books Marketing found that children up to the age of 11 read on average for four hours a
week, particularly girls.
What is the main idea of this paragraph?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. an inaccurate forecast regarding the reading habits of children (Đúng)
b. We are experiencing a rise in the popularity of children’s literature.
c. Children will read many books by an author that they like.
d. Children are quick to decide whether they like or dislike a book
18. Read the text and choose the best answer.
The Fence stays away from towns. Where it passes near a town, it has actually become
a tourist attraction visited on bus tours. It marks the traditional dividing line between cattle
and sheep. Inside, where the dingoes are legally classified as vermin, they are shot,
poisoned and trapped. Sheep and dingoes do not mix and the Fence sends that message
mile after mile.
What is this creature that by itself threatens an entire industry, inflicting several millions
of dollars of damage a year despite the presence of the world’s most obsessive fence?
Cousin to the coyote and the jackal, descended from the Asian wolf, Canis lupus dingo is
an introduced species of wild dog. Skeletal remains indicate that the dingo was introduced
to Australia more than 3,500 years ago probably with Asian seafarers who landed on the
north coast. The adaptable dingo spread rapidly and in a short time became the top predator,
killing off all its marsupial competitors. The dingo looks like a small wolf with a long nose,
short pointed ears and a bushy tail. Dingoes rarely bark; they yelp and howl. Standing about
22 inches at the shoulder - slightly taller than a coyote - the dingo is Australia’s largest
land carnivore.
The fence is only partially successful.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. FALSE
b. TRUE (Đúng)
c. NOT GIVEN
19. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Determining the definite cause of dyslexia is a difficult task since studies of the
morphology of the brain are generally conducted in an autopsy. One hypothesis suggests
62
that dyslexic children suffer from “strabismus,” the tendency of the eyes to focus on two
different points. When reading, for example, one eye focuses on the beginning of the word
and the other focuses on the end. This theory could explain why dyslexics have difficulty
reading. Many dyslexic children read letters and words backwards, often mistaking a b for
a d or reading was instead of saw. These reversals are normal for children under the age of
six, but indicate a problem if they persist beyond the early elementary grades. Neurological
research points to tiny flaws in the dyslexic brain called ectopias and microgyria. These
flaws alter the structure of the cortex, the area of the brain that is responsible for connecting
visual and audio processing. Genetic research, often in the form of twins studies, shows
that dyslexia may be passed on in families.
People with dyslexia often read in reverse.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. NOT GIVEN
b. TRUE (Đúng)
c. FALSE
20. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Dyslexia, also referred to as “specific reading disability,” predominantly affects a
person’s ability to read and write. Dyslexics have difficulty connecting visual symbols (i.e.,
letters) with their corresponding sounds. Many people who suffer from dyslexia also have
trouble with enunciation, organization, and short-term memory. Dyslexia is the most
common learning disability in children. It is not related to intellectual ability, vision, or
access to education. Approximately 5-10 percent of school-age children in North America
suffer from the condition, with each case varying in severity. Children are generally
diagnosed with dyslexia during the elementary school years when they are learning how to
read and spell.
Dyslexia is usually diagnosed during a child’s first years of school.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. TRUE (Đúng)
b. FALSE
c. NOT GIVEN
63
KIỂM TRA TRẮC NGHIỆM
1. Read the text and choose the best answer.
De Vany's advice to the modern exercise freak is to cut duration and frequency, and
increase intensity. 'Our muscle fibre composition reveals that we are adapted to extreme
intensity of effort,' says De Vany, a professor of economics at the Institute of Mathematical
Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, Irvine. His approach to fitness
combines Darwinian thinking with his interest in chaos theory and complex systems.
In the paragraph, De Vany recommends that people should….
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. exercise less frequently.
b. give their muscles more time to recover from exercise.
c. learn more about how the human body reacts to exercise (đúng)
d. exercise harder but for less time.
2. Read the text and choose the best answer.
These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention
as bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed
to be extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have
been somewhat inflated.
The killer bee is a hybrid—or combination- of the very mild European strain of
honeybee and the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when
African strain was imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil
because their aggression was considered an advantage: they were far more productive than
their European counterparts in that they spent a higher percentage of their time working
and continued working longer in inclement weather than did the European bees.
These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities
have occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is
actually not at all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks
have a chemical cause. A killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not
aggressive by nature. However, after a disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its
stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached to the embedded stinger is the
chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees. As other bees
approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing other
bees and causing them to sting. The new sting create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate,
which attracts more bees and increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to
travel in large cluster or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of
isoamyl acetate.
Why were African bees considered beneficial?
64
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. They produced an unusual type of honey.
b. They were very aggressive. (Đúng)
c. They spent their time traveling.
d. They hid from inclement weather.
3. Read the text and complete the sentence below.
COURSE GUIDELINES
Assignments
Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped
by human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a
report. This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today. If you opt to
produce an artefact, (e.g. a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected
to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it.
You need to follow these steps:
•Find out precisely what is expected of you. Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus
document.
•Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate.
•Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much
time you can seriously devote to it.
In order to understand the purpose of the assignment, students are advised to
read………
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. written explanation
b. production
c. the syllabus document (Đúng)
d. study
4. Choose the most suitable headings for the paragraph.
An intellectual breakthrough, brilliant though it may be, does not automatically ensure
that the transition is made from theory to practice. Despite the fact that rockets had been
used sporadically for several hundred years, they remained a relatively minor artefact of
civilisation until the twentieth century. Prodigious efforts, accelerated during two world
wars, were required before the technology of primitive rocketry could be translated into
the reality of sophisticated astronauts. It is strange that the rocket was generally ignored by
writers of fiction to transport their heroes to mysterious realms beyond the Earth, even
65
though it had been commonly used in fireworks displays in China since the thirteenth
century. The reason is that nobody associated the reaction principle with the idea of
travelling through space to a neighbouring world.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. The impact of the reaction principle (Đúng)
b. Writers’ theories of the reaction principle
c. How the reaction principle
d. The first use of steam
5. Read the text and match the car-hire websites to the statement.
Hiring a Car Online
Online car hire promises to be cheap, quick and convenient. But is it? Neil McDougall
revs up his mouse
Cash.com.uk
One to consider if you’re going to the States, although, after I'd worked through half the
booking process, it returned an error message without telling me which element of the
procedure needed adjusting. I got there in the end. There is an inspirational section with
detailed directions for some of the great drives of America.
Expeed.org.uk
Book a flight with Expeed and when you continue on to the car-hire section, the software
already knows where you are going and when. However, you seem to be restricted to cities
with airports for your car hire, and additional taxes are presented in travel- agent speak.
Cutprice.com
Is currently offering an aggressive lowest rates guarantee, an extra discount for former
Holtravel clients and a package of free gifts to sweeten the deal. It also commits to no
insurance excess on any of their rentals anywhere.
Hot.org
Straightforward to navigate, with plenty of information on rental requirements and rules
of operation. There are photographs of the types of vehicles available, leaving no doubt
what a 'premium' or 'compact' car is. It took me just seconds to start reserving a car but
then the whole thing ground to a halt and refused all attempts to access the reservation
system.
It is possible to see what the cars look like.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Cutprice.com
66
b. Cash.com.uk
c. Expeed.org.uk
d. Hot.org Câu trả lời đúng
6. Read the text and choose the best answer.
To make political decisions about the extent and type of forestry in a region it is
important to understand the consequences of those decisions. One tool for assessing the
impact of forestry on the ecosystem is population viability analysis (PVA). This is a tool
for predicting the probability that a species will become extinct in a particular region over
a specific period. It has been successfully used in the United States to provide input into
resource exploitation decisions and assist wildlife managers and there is now enormous
potential for using population viability to assist wildlife management in Australia’s forests.
A species becomes extinct when the last individual dies. This observation is a useful
starting point for any discussion of extinction as it highlights the role of luck and chance
in the extinction process. To make a prediction about extinction we need to understand the
processes that can contribute to it and these fall into four broad categories which are
discussed below.
Scientists are interested in the effect of forestry on native animals.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. FALSE
b. NOT GIVEN
c. TRUE Câu trả lời đúng
7. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender deciduous trees with
smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado Rockies of the western United States. After
flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the
hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks. A
second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season. Quality, not quantity, is
what counts in hummingbird reproduction.
A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a
clear flight path, and protection for her young. Male hummingbirds claim feeding
territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females
coming to feed but take no part in nesting. Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is
unguarded. While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the
claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more
likely.
The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on
what hangs over it. A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close
67
branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that
provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site. Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball,
the nest is painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and
camouflaged outside with paper-like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of
spider silk. By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh
of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks.
It can be inferred from the passage that the broad-tailed hummingbirds' eggs and
chicks are most vulnerable to attacks by …….
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Birds Câu trả lời đúng
b. Humans
c. Insects
d. Squirrels
8. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Pollinators play a major role in agriculture. While many staple crops such as rice, corn,
canola, and wheat are self-pollinating or pollinated by the wind, farmers are dependent on
pollinator species for many fruit, vegetable, nut, and seed crops. Over 30 percent of the
world’s crops require the work of pollinator species. Bees are the most common
agricultural pollinators, with crops including fruit trees such as apples and cherries;
vegetables such as squash, beans, tomatoes, and eggplant; flowering shrubs and annual and
perennial flowers; forage crops such as clover and alfalfa; and fiber2 crops such as cotton.
Other pollinators include midges (cocoa), wasps (figs), moths (yucca, papaya), butterflies
(asters, daisies, marigolds), and even a few species of bats (agave, palms, durians) and
hummingbirds (fuchsia).
Close to one third of the world’s harvest depends on animals for pollination.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. FALSE
b. NOT GIVEN
c. TRUE Câu trả lời đúng
9. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Flowering plants have evolved a variety of methods for signaling2 their usefulness to
pollinators or for otherwise making their work easier. Butterflies are attracted to flowers
that are open during the day, are bright—typically red, yellow, or orange— and have a
“landing platform.” In contrast, many moths are active at night and thus are attracted to
flowers that are pale or white, have a strong fragrance, but also have broad areas to land
on. Both butterflies and moths have long tongues and have coevolved with plants that have
developed deep sources of nectar that are available only to certain species. Hummingbirds
68
are also attracted by color3 especially by bright reds, and flowers that attract these tiny
birds also have strong stems and are designed for pollen to be brushed on the
hummingbirds’ heads as they sip nectar.
Moths are attracted by both color and scent.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. NOT GIVEN
b. FALSE
c. TRUE Câu trả lời đúng
10. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Caffeine does not alter the need for sleep, but it does offer a temporary solution to fatigue
for people who need to stay alert. Research has shown that sleep- deprived individuals who
consumed caffeine had improved memory and reasoning abilities, at least in the short term.
Studies of runners and cyclists have shown that caffeine can improve their stamina—hence
its addition to energy- boosting sports drinks.
People who consume a lot of caffeine regularly may develop temporary withdrawal
symptoms, headache being the most common, if they quit or cut back on it abruptly.
Fortunately, these symptoms last only a day or two in most cases. Individuals who are more
sensitive to the stimulatory side effects of caffeine may want to avoid it, but most doctors
agree that the equivalent of three cups of coffee a day does not harm healthy people. There
is no medical basis to give up daily caffeine and many reasons to include a moderate
amount in one’s diet.
Some athletes use caffeine to…..
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. improve their speed.
b. increase their endurance. (Đúng)
c. improve their reaction
d. maintain their alertness.
11. Read the text and choose the best answer.
The intense private battles between woolgrowers and dingoes have usually served to
define the Fence only in economic terms. It marks the difference between profit and loss.
Yet the Fence casts a much broader ecological shadow for it has become a kind of terrestrial
dam, deflecting the flow of animals inside and out. The ecological side effects appear most
vividly at Sturt National Park. In 1845, explorer Charles Sturt led an expedition through
these parts on a futile search for an inland sea. For Sturt and other early explorers, it was a
rare event to see a kangaroo. Now they are ubiquitous for without a native predator the
kangaroo population has exploded inside the Fence. Kangaroos are now cursed more than
69
dingoes. They have become the rivals of sheep, competing for water and grass. In response
state governments cull* more than three million kangaroos a year to keep Australia’s
national symbol from overrunning the pastoral lands. Park officials, who recognise that the
fence is to blame, respond to the excess of kangaroos by saying ‘The fence is there, and
we have to live with it.’
Kangaroos have increased in number because of the fence.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. TRUE Câu trả lời đúng
b. NOT GIVEN
c. FALSE
12. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Dyslexia, also referred to as “specific reading disability,” predominantly affects a
person’s ability to read and write. Dyslexics have difficulty connecting visual symbols (i.e.,
letters) with their corresponding sounds. Many people who suffer from dyslexia also have
trouble with enunciation, organization, and short-term memory. Dyslexia is the most
common learning disability in children. It is not related to intellectual ability, vision, or
access to education. Approximately 5-10 percent of school-age children in North America
suffer from the condition, with each case varying in severity. Children are generally
diagnosed with dyslexia during the elementary school years when they are learning how to
read and spell.
Dyslexia is a disorder related to intelligence.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. FALSE Câu trả lời đúng
b. NOT GIVEN
c. TRUE
13. Read the text and choose the best answer.
‘The dingo started out as a quiet observer,’ writes Roland Breckwoldt, in A Very Elegant
Animal: The Dingo, ‘but soon came to represent everything that was dark and dangerous
on the continent.’ It is estimated that since sheep arrived in Australia, dingo numbers have
increased a hundredfold. Though dingoes have been eradicated from parts of Australia, an
educated guess puts the population at more than a million.
Eventually government officials and graziers agreed that one well-maintained fence,
placed on the outer rim of sheep country and paid for by taxes levied on woolgrowers,
should supplant the maze of private netting. By 1960, three states joined their barriers to
form a single dog fence.
Dingoes have flourished as a result of the sheep industry.
70
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. TRUE Câu trả lời đúng
b. NOT GIVEN
c. FALSE
14. Read the text and choose the best answer.
To make political decisions about the extent and type of forestry in a region it is
important to understand the consequences of those decisions. One tool for assessing the
impact of forestry on the ecosystem is population viability analysis (PVA). This is a tool
for predicting the probability that a species will become extinct in a particular region over
a specific period. It has been successfully used in the United States to provide input into
resource exploitation decisions and assist wildlife managers and there is now enormous
potential for using population viability to assist wildlife management in Australia’s forests.
A species becomes extinct when the last individual dies. This observation is a useful
starting point for any discussion of extinction as it highlights the role of luck and chance
in the extinction process. To make a prediction about extinction we need to understand the
processes that can contribute to it and these fall into four broad categories which are
discussed below
A species is said to be extinct when only one individual exists.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. NOT GIVEN
b. TRUE
c. FALSE Câu trả lời đúng
15. In paragraphs A to D the author describes four processes which may contribute
to the extinction of a species. Match the process to the suitable paragraph.
A Early attempts to predict population viability were based on demographic uncertainty
Whether an individual survives from one year to the next will largely be a matter of chance.
Some pairs may produce several young in a single year while others may produce none in
that same year. Small populations will fluctuate enormously because of the random nature
of birth and death and these chance fluctuations can cause species extinctions even if, on
average, the population size should increase. Taking only this uncertainty of ability to
reproduce into account, extinction is unlikely if the number of individuals in a population
is above about 50 and the population is growing.
B Small populations cannot avoid a certain amount of inbreeding. This is particularly
true if there is a very small number of one sex. For example, if there are only 20 individuals
of a species and only one is a male, all future individuals in the species must be descended
from that one male. For most animal species such individuals are less likely to survive and
reproduce. Inbreeding increases the chance of extinction.
71
C Variation within a species is the raw material upon which natural selection acts.
Without genetic variability a species lacks the capacity to evolve and cannot adapt to
changes in its environment or to new predators and new diseases. The loss of genetic
diversity associated with reductions in population size will contribute to the likelihood of
extinction.
D Recent research has shown that other factors need to be considered. Australia’s
environment fluctuates enormously from year to year. These fluctuations add yet another
degree of uncertainty to the survival of many species. Catastrophes such as fire, flood,
drought or epidemic may reduce population sizes to a small fraction of their average level.
When allowance is made for these two additional elements of uncertainty the population
size necessary to be confident of persistence for a few hundred years may increase to
several thousand.
The haphazard nature of reproduction.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Paragraph D
b. Paragraph B
c. Paragraph A Câu trả lời đúng
d. Paragraph C
16. In paragraphs A to D the author describes four processes which may contribute
to the extinction of a species. Match the process to the suitable paragraph.
A Early attempts to predict population viability were based on demographic uncertainty
Whether an individual survives from one year to the next will largely be a matter of chance.
Some pairs may produce several young in a single year while others may produce none in
that same year. Small populations will fluctuate enormously because of the random nature
of birth and death and these chance fluctuations can cause species extinctions even if, on
average, the population size should increase. Taking only this uncertainty of ability to
reproduce into account, extinction is unlikely if the number of individuals in a population
is above about 50 and the population is growing.
B Small populations cannot avoid a certain amount of inbreeding. This is particularly
true if there is a very small number of one sex. For example, if there are only 20 individuals
of a species and only one is a male, all future individuals in the species must be descended
from that one male. For most animal species such individuals are less likely to survive and
reproduce. Inbreeding increases the chance of extinction.
C Variation within a species is the raw material upon which natural selection acts.
Without genetic variability a species lacks the capacity to evolve and cannot adapt to
changes in its environment or to new predators and new diseases. The loss of genetic
diversity associated with reductions in population size will contribute to the likelihood of
extinction.
72
D Recent research has shown that other factors need to be considered. Australia’s
environment fluctuates enormously from year to year. These fluctuations add yet another
degree of uncertainty to the survival of many species. Catastrophes such as fire, flood,
drought or epidemic may reduce population sizes to a small fraction of their average level.
When allowance is made for these two additional elements of uncertainty the population
size necessary to be confident of persistence for a few hundred years may increase to
several thousand.
An imblance of the sexes.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Paragraph C
b. Paragraph A
c. Paragraph B Câu trả lời đúng
d. Paragraph D
17. Read the text and choose the best answer.
The main growth area has been the market for eight to fourteen-year-olds, and there is
little doubt that the boom has been fuelled by the bespectacled apprentice, Harry Potter. So
influential has J. K. Rowling’s series of books been that they have helped to make reading
fashionable for pre-teens. ‘Harry made it OK to be seen on a bus reading a book,’ says
Cooling. ‘To a child, that is important.’ The current buzz around the publication of the
fourth Harry Potter beats anything in the world of adult literature.
What is the main idea of this paragraph?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Children are quick to decide whether they like or dislike a book Câu trả lời không
đúng
b. Children will read many books by an author that they like (để ý)
c. an inaccurate forecast regarding the reading habits of children (gần đúng)
d. the impact of a particular fictional character on the sales of children’s books
18. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Flowering plants have evolved a variety of methods for signaling2 their usefulness to
pollinators or for otherwise making their work easier. Butterflies are attracted to flowers
that are open during the day, are bright—typically red, yellow, or orange— and have a
“landing platform.” In contrast, many moths are active at night and thus are attracted to
flowers that are pale or white, have a strong fragrance, but also have broad areas to land
on. Both butterflies and moths have long tongues and have coevolved with plants that have
developed deep sources of nectar that are available only to certain species. Hummingbirds
are also attracted by color3 especially by bright reds, and flowers that attract these tiny
73
birds also have strong stems and are designed for pollen to be brushed on the
hummingbirds’ heads as they sip nectar.
If an attractive flower is very small, a butterfly will land on its leaves.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. NOT GIVEN (đúng)
b. FALSE
c. TRUE
19. Read the text and choose the best answer.
To make political decisions about the extent and type of forestry in a region it is
important to understand the consequences of those decisions. One tool for assessing the
impact of forestry on the ecosystem is population viability analysis (PVA). This is a tool
for predicting the probability that a species will become extinct in a particular region over
a specific period. It has been successfully used in the United States to provide input into
resource exploitation decisions and assist wildlife managers and there is now enormous
potential for using population viability to assist wildlife management in Australia’s forests.
A species becomes extinct when the last individual dies. This observation is a useful
starting point for any discussion of extinction as it highlights the role of luck and chance
in the extinction process. To make a prediction about extinction we need to understand the
processes that can contribute to it and these fall into four broad categories which are
discussed below.
A link exist between the consequences of decisions and the decision making process
itself.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. TRUE đúng
b. NOT GIVEN
c. FALSE
20. Read the text and decide that the statement is TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN
When you think about it, it's amazing that anyone gets away with a carefree holiday. It
seems there is limitless potential for things to go wrong, from flight delays and lost luggage
to poor accommodation.
A recent questionnaire showed that a third of people who replied had a complaint about
their holiday last year. And when these unhappy holidaymakers discussed the problem with
their tour company nearly half said it involved time and effort on their part to resolve
things.
74
When asked exactly what the reasons were for their dissatisfaction top of the list was
flight delays and 20 per cent of holiday-makers to Europe said they had to wait up to an
hour.
More worrying is the fact that almost a third of holiday-makers who had complained
said it was about the apartment or hotel room they had been allocated. There is an enormous
variety of holiday accommodation and we recommend that consumers look for places that
have been inspected by the Tourist Boards; this way they can have the confidence that they
will get the type of accommodation they are looking for. It seems that tour companies now
offer more honest accurate brochures though. Eight-five per cent of holiday-makers who
responded to our questionnaire said the description offered by the company matched the
place they visited and the facilities provided.
This is good news for the industry and for holiday-makers. A holiday is a major purchase
- yet it's one we can't try before we pay. All we have to go on is the brochure and it's a
credit to tour operators that they now contain more detail.
OUR ADVICE
DO be realistic. No one should be palmed off with a poor standard of service, food or
accommodation even if you paid a rock- bottom price for a last- minute break. However,
be reasonable - you won't get a room with the best view in town if you've paid a budget
price.
DO complain to the right person. Moaning to the waiter about a week's worth of
appalling food, then writing an indignant letter when you get back home won't have the
same impact as airing your grievances at the time.
DO get evidence for a serious problem such as having a building site instead of the
promised swimming pool below your window. Take a photo to back up your case.
DON'T write and complain for the sake of it. Letters can be powerful as long as they're
about something you have a good reason to complain about.
DON'T lose your temper. Easier said than done, but you're more likely to get results if
you state your case firmly, explain why you think there's a problem then suggest a
reasonable solution.
The most common problem for holiday-makers is crowded airports.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. NOT GIVEN
b. TRUE
c. FALSE Câu trả lời đúng
21. Read the text and choose the best answer.
75
People who consume a lot of caffeine regularly may develop temporary withdrawal
symptoms, headache being the most common, if they quit or cut back on it abruptly.
Fortunately, these symptoms last only a day or two in most cases. Individuals who are more
sensitive to the stimulatory side effects of caffeine may want to avoid it, but most doctors
agree that the equivalent of three cups of coffee a day does not harm healthy people. There
is no medical basis to give up daily caffeine and many reasons to include a moderate
amount in one’s diet.
Drinking three cups of coffee a day……..
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. is good for the health.
b. may be recommended by a doctor.
c. is harmful to the health.
d. will probably not cause problems. Câu trả lời đúng
22. Read the text and choose the most suitable heading.
Once you have collected your source material you should then sketch out a plan. Begin
by writing three or four sentences, which provide a summary of the essay. You can amend
or add to the plan as you proceed and it provides a useful scaffold for your essay. It also
ensures that you cover all the main themes and that your essay focuses on the question.
Ideally you should plan to examine the question from all sides, presenting various views
before reaching a conclusion based on the evidence.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. The importance of focusing on the task
b. Open-ended essays
c. Gathering source material
d. Writing a framework Câu trả lời đúng
23. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Bees do not see red; thus, flowers that attract bees tend to be blue, yellow, purple, or
other colors. Many bee attractors also have nectar guides, which are spots near the center1
of each flower that reflect ultraviolet light, making it easier for the bees to find the nectar.
Bees are also attracted to flowers with a mintlike or sweet smell. Snapdragons not only
attract bees visually, they are adapted to appeal to certain bee species: snapdragons have a
landing platform that, if the bee is the correct weight, opens—allowing access to the nectar
and pollen.
Pollinators play a major role in agriculture. While many staple crops such as rice, corn,
canola, and wheat are self-pollinating or pollinated by the wind, farmers are dependent on
pollinator species for many fruit, vegetable, nut, and seed crops. Over 30 percent of the
76
world’s crops require the work of pollinator species. Bees are the most common
agricultural pollinators, with crops including fruit trees such as apples and cherries;
vegetables such as squash, beans, tomatoes, and eggplant; flowering shrubs and annual and
perennial flowers; forage crops such as clover and alfalfa; and fiber2 crops such as cotton.
Other pollinators include midges (cocoa), wasps (figs), moths (yucca, papaya), butterflies
(asters, daisies, marigolds), and even a few species of bats (agave, palms, durians) and
hummingbirds (fuchsia).
Most grain crops are pollinated by insects.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. FALSE Câu trả lời đúng
b. TRUE
c. NOT GIVEN
24. Read the text and choose the best answer.
To make political decisions about the extent and type of forestry in a region it is
important to understand the consequences of those decisions. One tool for assessing the
impact of forestry on the ecosystem is population viability analysis (PVA). This is a tool
for predicting the probability that a species will become extinct in a particular region over
a specific period. It has been successfully used in the United States to provide input into
resource exploitation decisions and assist wildlife managers and there is now enormous
potential for using population viability to assist wildlife management in Australia’s forests.
A species becomes extinct when the last individual dies. This observation is a useful
starting point for any discussion of extinction as it highlights the role of luck and chance
in the extinction process. To make a prediction about extinction we need to understand the
processes that can contribute to it and these fall into four broad categories which are
discussed below
Extinction is a naturally occurring phenomenon.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. NOT GIVEN Câu trả lời đúng
b. TRUE
c. FALSE
25. Read the text and choose the best answer.
The intense private battles between woolgrowers and dingoes have usually served to
define the Fence only in economic terms. It marks the difference between profit and loss.
Yet the Fence casts a much broader ecological shadow for it has become a kind of terrestrial
dam, deflecting the flow of animals inside and out. The ecological side effects appear most
vividly at Sturt National Park. In 1845, explorer Charles Sturt led an expedition through
these parts on a futile search for an inland sea. For Sturt and other early explorers, it was a
77
rare event to see a kangaroo. Now they are ubiquitous for without a native predator the
kangaroo population has exploded inside the Fence. Kangaroos are now cursed more than
dingoes. They have become the rivals of sheep, competing for water and grass. In response
state governments cull* more than three million kangaroos a year to keep Australia’s
national symbol from overrunning the pastoral lands. Park officials, who recognise that the
fence is to blame, respond to the excess of kangaroos by saying ‘The fence is there, and
we have to live with it.’
How do the park officials feel about the fence?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. proud
b. pleased
c. angry
d. philosophical Câu trả lời đúng
26. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender deciduous trees with
smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado Rockies of the western United States. After
flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the
hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks. A
second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season. Quality, not quantity, is
what counts in hummingbird reproduction.
A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a
clear flight path, and protection for her young. Male hummingbirds claim feeding
territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females
coming to feed but take no part in nesting. Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is
unguarded. While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the
claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more
likely.
The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on
what hangs over it. A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close
branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that
provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site. Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball,
the nest is painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and
camouflaged outside with paper-like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of
spider silk. By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh
of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks.
The word "they" in paragraph 2 refers to…….
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. females
78
b. territories
c. male hummingbirds Câu trả lời đúng
d. meadows
27. In paragraphs A to D the author describes four processes which may contribute
to the extinction of a species. Match the process to the suitable paragraph.
A Early attempts to predict population viability were based on demographic uncertainty
Whether an individual survives from one year to the next will largely be a matter of chance.
Some pairs may produce several young in a single year while others may produce none in
that same year. Small populations will fluctuate enormously because of the random nature
of birth and death and these chance fluctuations can cause species extinctions even if, on
average, the population size should increase. Taking only this uncertainty of ability to
reproduce into account, extinction is unlikely if the number of individuals in a population
is above about 50 and the population is growing.
B Small populations cannot avoid a certain amount of inbreeding. This is particularly
true if there is a very small number of one sex. For example, if there are only 20 individuals
of a species and only one is a male, all future individuals in the species must be descended
from that one male. For most animal species such individuals are less likely to survive and
reproduce. Inbreeding increases the chance of extinction.
C Variation within a species is the raw material upon which natural selection acts.
Without genetic variability a species lacks the capacity to evolve and cannot adapt to
changes in its environment or to new predators and new diseases. The loss of genetic
diversity associated with reductions in population size will contribute to the likelihood of
extinction.
D Recent research has shown that other factors need to be considered. Australia’s
environment fluctuates enormously from year to year. These fluctuations add yet another
degree of uncertainty to the survival of many species. Catastrophes such as fire, flood,
drought or epidemic may reduce population sizes to a small fraction of their average level.
When allowance is made for these two additional elements of uncertainty the population
size necessary to be confident of persistence for a few hundred years may increase to
several thousand.
Natural disasters.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Paragraph C
b. Paragraph B (Đúng)
c. Paragraph D
d. Paragraph A
28. Read the text and choose the best answer.
79
Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender deciduous trees with
smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado Rockies of the western United States. After
flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the
hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks. A
second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season. Quality, not quantity, is
what counts in hummingbird reproduction.
A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a
clear flight path, and protection for her young. Male hummingbirds claim feeding
territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females
coming to feed but take no part in nesting. Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is
unguarded. While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the
claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more
likely.
The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on
what hangs over it. A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close
branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that
provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site. Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball,
the nest is painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and
camouflaged outside with paper-like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of
spider silk. By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh
of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks.
The word "clear" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to…..
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. bright
b. transparent
c. exact (đúng)
d. unobstructed
29. Read the text and choose the best answer.
‘People still tell me, “Children don’t read nowadays”,’ says David Almond, the awardwinning author of children’s books such as Skellig. The truth is that they are skilled,
creative readers. When I do classroom visits, they ask me very sophisticated questions
about use of language, story structure, chapters and dialogue.’ No one is denying that books
are competing with other forms of entertainment for children’s attention but it seems as
though children find a special kind of mental nourishment within the printed page.
What is the main idea of this paragraph?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Children will read many books by an author that they like.
80
b. the undervaluing of children’s society
c. Children are quick to decide whether they like or dislike a book
d. the fact that children are able to identify and discuss the important elements of fiction
(đúng)
30. Read the text and choose the best answer.
The main growth area has been the market for eight to fourteen-year-olds, and there is
little doubt that the boom has been fuelled by the bespectacled apprentice, Harry Potter. So
influential has J. K. Rowling’s series of books been that they have helped to make reading
fashionable for pre-teens. ‘Harry made it OK to be seen on a bus reading a book,’ says
Cooling. ‘To a child, that is important.’ The current buzz around the publication of the
fourth Harry Potter beats anything in the world of adult literature.
What is the main idea of this paragraph?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. an inaccurate forecast regarding the reading habits of children
b. the impact of a particular fictional character on the sales of children’s books (đúng)
c. Children will read many books by an author that they like.
d. Children are quick to decide whether they like or dislike a book
31. Read the text and choose the best answer.
While many of caffeine’s undesirable effects, such as elevated heart rate and blood
pressure, are brief, some short-term benefits, including pain relief, increased alertness, and
increased physical endurance, have also been attributed to caffeine. As a component of
numerous over-the-counter diet pills and pain relievers, caffeine increases their
effectiveness and helps the body absorb them more quickly. By constricting blood vessels
in the brain, it can alleviate headaches—even migraines—and can help counter the
drowsiness caused by antihistamines.
Caffeine does not alter the need for sleep, but it does offer a temporary solution to fatigue
for people who need to stay alert. Research has shown that sleep- deprived individuals who
consumed caffeine had improved memory and reasoning abilities, at least in the short term.
Studies of runners and cyclists have shown that caffeine can improve their stamina—hence
its addition to energy- boosting sports drinks.
Caffeine is used to treat……..
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. headaches. Câu trả lời đúng
b. high blood pressure.
c. liver cancer.
81
d. flu
32. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender deciduous trees with
smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado Rockies of the western United States. After
flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the
hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks. A
second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season. Quality, not quantity, is
what counts in hummingbird reproduction.
A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a
clear flight path, and protection for her young. Male hummingbirds claim feeding
territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females
coming to feed but take no part in nesting. Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is
unguarded. While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the
claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more
likely.
The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on
what hangs over it. A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close
branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that
provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site. Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball,
the nest is painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and
camouflaged outside with paper-like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of
spider silk. By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh
of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks.
According to the passage, which of the following is true of the male broad-tailed
hummingbird?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. It is not involved in caring for the chicks. Câu trả lời đúng
b. It finds food for the female and the chicks.
c. It protects the nest while the female searches for food.
d. It shares nesting duties equally with the female.
33. Read the text and choose the most suitable heading.
Use a variety of relevant background texts, refer to your lecture notes and heed any
advice given by your lecturer. When you collect material, always ask yourself what
questions need to be answered and then take good notes in your own words. Begin notes
on each source on a new page and do not forget to record details of the author, title of the
book and date of publication. Remember that copying words from another writer's work
without acknowledging the source constitutes the serious crime of plagiarism.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
82
a. Types of essay and their purpose
b. The importance of focusing on the task
c. Gathering source material Câu trả lời đúng
d. Open-ended essays
34. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender deciduous trees with
smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado Rockies of the western United States. After
flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the
hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks. A
second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season. Quality, not quantity, is
what counts in hummingbird reproduction.
A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a
clear flight path, and protection for her young. Male hummingbirds claim feeding
territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females
coming to feed but take no part in nesting. Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is
unguarded. While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the
claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more
likely.
The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on
what hangs over it. A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close
branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that
provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site. Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball,
the nest is painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and
camouflaged outside with paper-like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of
spider silk. By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh
of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks.
According to the passage, in what circumstances do hummingbirds build a second
nest?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. If the eggs are destroyed early in the season Câu trả lời đúng
b. If the winter is unusually warm
c. If there is an unusually large supply of food
d. If the chicks in the first nest hatch early
35. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Bees do not see red; thus, flowers that attract bees tend to be blue, yellow, purple, or
other colors. Many bee attractors also have nectar guides, which are spots near the center1
of each flower that reflect ultraviolet light, making it easier for the bees to find the nectar.
83
Bees are also attracted to flowers with a mintlike or sweet smell. Snapdragons not only
attract bees visually, they are adapted to appeal to certain bee species: snapdragons have a
landing platform that, if the bee is the correct weight, opens—allowing access to the nectar
and pollen.
Pollinators play a major role in agriculture. While many staple crops such as rice, corn,
canola, and wheat are self-pollinating or pollinated by the wind, farmers are dependent on
pollinator species for many fruit, vegetable, nut, and seed crops. Over 30 percent of the
world’s crops require the work of pollinator species. Bees are the most common
agricultural pollinators, with crops including fruit trees such as apples and cherries;
vegetables such as squash, beans, tomatoes, and eggplant; flowering shrubs and annual and
perennial flowers; forage crops such as clover and alfalfa; and fiber2 crops such as cotton.
Other pollinators include midges (cocoa), wasps (figs), moths (yucca, papaya), butterflies
(asters, daisies, marigolds), and even a few species of bats (agave, palms, durians) and
hummingbirds (fuchsia).
Bees rarely respond to scent.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. FALSE Câu trả lời đúng
b. TRUE
c. NOT GIVEN
36. Read the text and choose the best answer.
The woolgrowers’ war against dingoes, which is similar to the sheep ranchers’ rage
against coyotes in the US, started not long after the first European settlers disembarked in
1788, bringing with them a cargo of sheep. Dingoes officially became outlaws in 1830
when governments placed a bounty on their heads. Today bounties for problem dogs killing
sheep inside the Fence can reach $500. As pioneers penetrated the interior with their flocks
of sheep, fences replaced shepherds until, by the end of the 19th century, thousands of
miles of barrier fencing crisscrossed the vast grazing lands.
‘The dingo started out as a quiet observer,’ writes Roland Breckwoldt, in A Very Elegant
Animal: The Dingo, ‘but soon came to represent everything that was dark and dangerous
on the continent.’ It is estimated that since sheep arrived in Australia, dingo numbers have
increased a hundredfold. Though dingoes have been eradicated from parts of Australia, an
educated guess puts the population at more than a million.
When did the authorities first acknowledge the dingo problem?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. 1960
b. 1830 Câu trả lời đúng
c. 1845
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d. 1788
37. Read the text and choose the best answer.
The Fence stays away from towns. Where it passes near a town, it has actually become
a tourist attraction visited on bus tours. It marks the traditional dividing line between cattle
and sheep. Inside, where the dingoes are legally classified as vermin, they are shot,
poisoned and trapped. Sheep and dingoes do not mix and the Fence sends that message
mile after mile.
What is this creature that by itself threatens an entire industry, inflicting several millions
of dollars of damage a year despite the presence of the world’s most obsessive fence?
Cousin to the coyote and the jackal, descended from the Asian wolf, Canis lupus dingo is
an introduced species of wild dog. Skeletal remains indicate that the dingo was introduced
to Australia more than 3,500 years ago probably with Asian seafarers who landed on the
north coast. The adaptable dingo spread rapidly and in a short time became the top predator,
killing off all its marsupial competitors. The dingo looks like a small wolf with a long nose,
short pointed ears and a bushy tail. Dingoes rarely bark; they yelp and howl. Standing about
22 inches at the shoulder - slightly taller than a coyote - the dingo is Australia’s largest
land carnivore.
The dingo is indigenous to Australia.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. FALSE Câu trả lời đúng
b. TRUE
c. NOT GIVEN
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